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Naturally the audiences that support various kinds of music are not identical. There are separate audiences, of widely differing tastes and musical receptivity, for opera, symphony and chamber music. The oratorio audience is a very special group made up of the most conservative tastes and opinions. One suspects that it is recruited largely from friends and families of the singers. Now a stage full of happy and earnest oratorio singers must represent considerable potential ticket sales, and, if this is true, it does not malt much difference what work the singers select to perform. Anyone who has ever sung in a chorus knows what fun it is to sing Handel. The music is easy to grasp, fits the voice well, and fine effects are achieved with a minimum of professional skill. The plan of the Handel oratorio is ideal for the ordinary amateur singing group. All the hard parts are taken by professional soloists, who can be imported for the occasion. Therefore the chorus can make a public appearance after long, leisurely preparation and add on at the last moment the final professional touches. Thus the never-ending vogue of the oratorio and its unchanging aspect must be attributed, at least partially, to the amateur choral societies that are to be found in almost every community.
What does the passage mainly discuss？
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In her 26 years of teaching English, Shannon McCuire has seen countess misplaced commas, misspelled words and sentence fragments.
But the instructor at US's Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge said her job is getting harder every day.
"I kid you not, the number of errors that I've seen in the past few years have multiplied five times," she said.
Experts say e-mail and instant messaging are at least partly to blame for an increasing indifference toward the rules of grammar, spelling and sentence structure.
They say the problem is most noticeable in college students and recently graduates.
"They used to at least feel guilty (about mistakes)," said Naomi Baron, professor of linguistics at American University in Washington, D.C. "They didn't necessarily write a little better, but at least they felt guilty."
Ironically, Baron's latest book, "Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It's Heading," became a victim of sloppy proofreading. The book's title is capitalized differently on the cover, spine and title page. "People used to lose their jobs over this," she said. "And now they just say 'whatever.'"
"Whatever" describes Jeanette Henderson's attitude toward writing. The sophomore at the University of Louisiana at Monroe admits that her reliance on spellcheck has hurt her grades in English class. "Computer has spoiled us," she said.
But the family and consumer sciences major believes her future bosses won't mind the mistakes as much as her professor does. "They're not going to check semicolons, commas and stuff like that," Henderson said.
LSU's McGuire said she teaches her students to use distinct writing styles that fit their purpose.
She emphasizes that there's the informal language of an e-mail to a friend, but there's also the well thought out and structured academic or professional style. of writing.
It's not just e-mail and instant messaging that are contributing to slack writing habits.
Society as a whole is becoming more informal. Casual wear at work used to be reserved for Friday, for example, but is now commonplace at most offices. There's also a greater emphasis on youth culture, and youth tend to use instant messaging more than adults do.
English language has been neglected at different points in history but always rebounds. During Shakespearen times, for example, spoiling wasn't considered important, and early publishers rarely proofread.
There will likely be a social force that recognizes the need for clear writing and swings the pendulum back.
According to Shannon McGuire, what is making her job harder than before？
According to the passage, which of the following causes Alzheimer's disease ？
Personality is to a large extent inherent -- A type parents usually bring about A type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current. passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying :" Rejoice, we conquer !"
By far the worst form. of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work Was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.
According to the passage, A type individuals are usually ______ .
Some people think that a translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free
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