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A．It is the only book for her philosophy class.B．All the classes have a lot of reading
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A．Jack was expected to pass the exam.B．Jack surprised everybody by taking his exam aga
Home, Sweet(and Sour) Home
On August 15, 1945, the day that war ended, Australia was jubilant. A month later it was more wary. In conversations around the teapot on the kitchen table, there was not often a glowing optimism about the future. It was the best and worst of times for the 550,000 Australian servicemen and women who began to return home from the war. Australia then had only seven million people. Regulations and rationing abounded. You could get a job, but not a car. Beer was hard to get, telephone calls hard to make. What we ate was stodge and the clothes we wore were often ill-fitting. Life was dull, but safe. Violent crime was almost non-existent, drugs unknown. The new era of the atom bomb was expected to be unsafe. Many also predicted unemployment would return just as it returned after World War I. And yet many Australians believed that with determination and purpose they might somehow create a better Australia.
Joseph Chifley, the nation's Prime Minister, was probably closer to socialism than any other Prime Minister in Australia's history. A steam locomotive driver for much of his working life, he had educated himself in nearly everything from public finance to literature after he left school, and now in his sixtieth year his chance had come. In Canberra he and his political colleagues sketched plans for providing more social security and economic regulations than Australians had ever known. In the following four years Chifley controlled daily life far more than most Australians would now accept, but in 1945 they gladly accepted regulations in the belief that they were temporary and in the nation's interest in a time of scarcity and transition. There was regulation of rents, regulation of food prices, regulation of the size and design of new houses, regulation of travel, regulation of the workplace of dentists as well as that of unskilled workers. Even after the war various goods continued to be rationed. People had to hand in a rationing coupon(票据) to buy meat and sugar, butter and tea. Petrol was rationed until 1950. Nearly all communications were still impeded by wartime shortages. In 1942, the sending of congratulatory telegrams for Christmas, New Year or Mother's Day had been banned, and they did not appear again until the first Christmas after the war. In those days a telegram was delivered by a boy on a government bicycle. At that time most houses in Australia possessed no telephone exchange. You did not dial a number—rather you took the phone off the hook and waited for someone at the telephone exchange to pick up your call and connect the number you requested. The idea of making an overseas phone call just did not enter most people's heads.
For a year or so after the war, many goods were too scarce to be rationed and were rarely to be found. Beef and cigarettes were often in short supply. A thousand items available in shops in 1940 could not be bought at the end of 1945. Early in the war tens of thousands of Australians had predicted shortages and put away small hoards of items likely to become unprocurable: Imported tins of salmon and sardines, bottles of Scotch and imported lime juice and perfume, and many kinds of foods and trinkets. Even when the war ended, many people kept their hoards untouched because the scarcity continued.
Farmers, then as now, were struggling. The typical farm was in debt, either to banks or to country storekeepers, many of whom themselves were in debt. We complain about droughts but in the south-eastern quarter of Australia a typical in land farmer and his wife aged about 50 had experienced more droughts and more dust storms than their children and grand children were to experience. Drought parched most wheatlands in the last phase of the war and towns were blinded by dust storms. In November 1944, some trains were halted by sands drifting onto tracks, irrigation channels were filled by sand in stead of water and a
A．She has never eaten such delicious oranges before.B．She bets there are better orange
For religious reasons alcohol was not served at some weddings.
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