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Asked Wednesday about the effect of the oil-for-food scandal on the world body's reputation, the secretary general rose immediately to the defense of his son. Kojo 3renan worked in the mid-90s for Cotecna, a Swiss- based company chosen to monitor what Iraq was importing under the humanitarian program.
Speaking at a news conference, Mr. Annan said there is nothing to the accusations that his son somehow benefited illegally from oil-for-food contracts. "He joined the company even before I became secretary general, as a 22-year old, as a trainee in Geneva and then he was assigned to work for them in West Africa, mainly in Nigeria and Ghana," he said. "Neither he nor I had anything to do with contracts for Cotecna. That was done in strict accordance with U. N. rules and financial regulations."
What's Kofi Annan's attitude towards the criticism of U. N.'s role in the Iraq oil-for-food program？
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Among all the following thinkers, ______seems to have had the biggest influence on Baruch
The two modern writers whose influence on young novelists has been most pervasive are probably James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway. There is no telling how many young writers have gone astray trying to emulate Joyce's complexity of language and Hemingway's misleading simplicity.
I was reminded of that as I read Nicholas Delblanco’s Fathering, an often exasperating novel, because it is so needlessly obscure and reveals so much talent and so little disciplining of that talent.
The internal maundering of Delblanco's characters would probably interest a psychoanalyst, trained to decipher their significance as sign posts, But novelists should not write for the edification of psychoanalysts. Ostensibly reproducing the unorganized thoughts, memories and impressions flowing through a character's mind is not often the best way to make that character comprehensible.
Such thoughts, memories and impressions become chaotic. The job of the artist is to bring some order and meaning out of that chaos, not to compound it, and to clarify, not befog, the nature of the character.
According to the passage, what do many young novelists try to do？
Birds that are literally half-asleep-with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping-control which side of the brain remains awake, ac cording to a new study of sleeping ducks.
Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemi sphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere's eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, cud-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.
Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single-hemi sphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the re searchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.
"We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally
controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain, "the researchers say.
The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be wide spread, he predicts. He's seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.
Useful as half-sleeping might be, it's only been found in birds and such water mammals as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasion ally to avoid drowning.
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds' half-brain sleep "is just the tip of the iceberg." He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
A new study on birds' sleep has revealed that______.
In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they're nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in Al, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The re- suits of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the fore- front of the field.
Imitating the brain's neural network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors", he explains,
"but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves." Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pat- tern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it pr. yes true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow Al rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today ______.
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