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根据材料请回答 51～65
Margaret Sanger and Birth Control
Margaret Sanger, an American nurse, was the first to start the modern birth control movement in the United States.In 1912, she 51 publishing information about women's reproductive (生殖的) concerns through articles and books.In 1914, Sanger was charged 52 violation of the Comstock Law, which federal legislation had passed in 1873 forbidding the mailing of sexy material 53 information about birth control and contraceptive (避孕的) devices.Though she was put in hail for these activities., Sanger 54 to publish and spread information about birth control.She and her sister Ethel Byme opened the first of several birth control clinics in America on October 16, 1916, in Brooklyn, New York.
The Comstock Law was rewritten by Congress in 1936 to 55 birth control in forma-tion and devices.Many states had maws forbidding distribution or use of contraceptive de-vices but the constitutionality (合宪性) of these laws was increasingly 56 .In 1965, the Supreme Court of the United States rules that married people have the right to practice birth control without government intervention.In 1972, the court 57 that unmarried people have the same right.
Today there are more birth control options 58 , but overpopulation and unwanted pregnancies remain worldwide 59 .Having more children than one can support may lead 60 poverty, illness, and high death rates for babies, children, and women.
The problem of teenage pregnancy is 61 worse in the United States 62 in almost any other developed country.Studies show that birth rates for women under 20 are higher in the United States than in 29 other 63 countries.A detailed study suggested that the problem of teenage pregnancy in the United States may be 64 to less sex education in schools and lower availability of contraceptive services and supplies to young people.This study 65 the view of people in the United States who argue that sex education or making contraceptive supplies available to school-age children promotes sexual activity.
第 51 题
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根据材料请回答 41～45 题
Public Health in Rome
The Romans built great "aqueducts" to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities.Many of these aqueducts are still standing today.The Romans also built great pipes under the ground to carry away the sewage(污水).In Rome, these sewage pipes (sewers)are still used today; it is 2,000 years old.The Roman Emperors even set up a government health service.They built the first great public hospitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people.When the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these civilized methods of treatment disappeared from most of Europe, for more than a thousand years.People went back to the old ways.They lived in dirty conditions which helped to cause diseases; and they asked God to cure the diseases.They shut up mentally sick people in prisons.Or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have magic power.And the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was lost.
Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the Mediterranean coun-tries.They took big parts of the old Roman lands.They translated the Greek and Roman medical books into Arabic.Arab, doctors themselves made many new discoveries.When civilization at last came back to Europe, men once again translated the Greek and Roman works on medicine into Latin.Slowly European doctors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ago.They found out more about the way the body works, the way our blood goes round our bodies, the way our nerves send messages from our brains to our muscles, the way these muscles move our bodies.
第 41 题 The word "aqueduct" probably means__________
In order to find out whether a person is telling the truth or not
There are no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica because
根据材料请回答 16～22 题
The U.S.food supply is the most varied and abundant in the world.Americans spend a smaller share of their disposable income(可支配收入)on food than citizens of any other country and choose from an average of 50,000 different food products on a typical outing to the supermarket.In 1994, the fowl supply provided an estimated 3, 800 calories (卡路里) per person per day, enough to supply every American with more than one and a half times their average daily energy needs.Given this abundance, few of the Nations resources have traditionally been devoted to measuring or reducing food waste.
In recent years, growing concern about hunger, resource conservation, and the envi-ronmental and economic costs associated with food waste have raised public awareness of food loss.This in turn has accelerated public and private efforts to make better use of a-vailable food supplies by recovering safe and nutritious (有营养的)food that would other-wise be wasted.
Of course, not all food that is lost is suitable for consumption.Some losses - like the condemnation of diseased animals at the slaughtering house (屠宰场), or the discard of rotten fruit from the produce shelf at the supermarket are necessary to ensure the safety and health of the U.S.food supply.Such foods are not recoverable for human, use.
Likewise, plate fragments are appropriately discarded at eating establishments out of health considerations.In addition, not all food that is 10st is economically recoverable.Food recovery efforts are often limited by financial restraint.s that make it difficult-to match recovered food with potential recipients.
Nevertheless, large quantities of healthy, edible food are lost at every stage of the marketing system.Example of such losses include meats, bread, and other foods prepared by a restaurant or hotel but never served and the discard of defected or over-ripe produce, which may be difficult to sell out for some reasons, but are otherwise nutritious and safe.
第 16 题 The problem in America that the author is talking about in this passage is large a-mounts of food are lost in American.
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