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SECTION B PASSAGES
Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文： How much paper do you use every day？ Probably you can't answer that question quickly. In 1990 tile world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person in a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person in a year. Some people say that the amount of paper a country uses shows how advanced the country is. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden certainly use more paper than other countries.
Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the west, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Chinese first made paper about 2000 years ago. China still has pieces of paper which were made as long as that. But Chinese paper was not made from wood of trees. It was made from the hair-like parts of certain plants.
Paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100. Scandinavia-which now makes a great deal of the world's paper-did not begin to make it until 1500. It was a German named Schaeffer who found out that one could make the best paper from trees. After that, the forest countries of Canada, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and the United States became the most important in paper making. Today in Finland, which makes the best paper in the world, the paper industry is the biggest in the land. New paper making machines are very big, and they can make paper very. fast. The biggest machines can make a piece of paper 300 meters long and six meters wide in one minute.
What was Chinese paper made from？
听力原文： Most worth-while careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an occupation should be made even before the choice of-a curriculum in high school. However, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their positions. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should therefore enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single job.
Unfortunately many young people, knowing little about the occupational world or themselves, choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis. Some drift from job to job. Others stick to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fit.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many studentsor their parents choose the professional field, disregarding both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal requirements. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white-collar" job is no good reason for choosing it as a life's work. Moreover, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious consideration to these fields.
Before making a choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work for it. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.
According to the passage, the economic and industrial changes as well as people's desire to improve their positions can usually lead to______.
Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.
Back in the 1930's and 1940's, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.
The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950's and 1960's. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments, where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques
They used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation, and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.
More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has lead to a reinterpretation of the United States past.
In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.
What does the passage mainly discuss？
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