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Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are being used in field of toxicology and as cellular screens to uncover new chemical entities (NCEs) that can be developed as small molecule drugs. ESC-derived hepatocytes are also useful models that could be used in the preclinical stages of drug discovery.
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Either by genetically manipulating the cells, or more recently, by deriving diseased cell lines identified by prenatal genetic diagnosis (PGD), modeling genetic disorders is something that has been accomplished with stem cells.
DNA damage accumulates with age in both stem cells and the cells that comprise the stem cell environment.
Most adult stem cells are lineage-restricted (multipotent) & are generally referred to by their tissue origin (mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, endothelial stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, etc.)
Mesenchymalstemcells(MSCs)havebeenreportedtobepresentinmanytissues.Thosefrombonemarrow(bonemarrowstromalstemcells,skeletalstemcells)giverisetoavarietyofcelltypes:bonecells(osteoblasts&osteocytes),cartilagecells(chondrocytes),fatcells(adipocytes),&stromalcellsthatsupportbloodformation.
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