题目内容
The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone's experience in the organization.
Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, CocaCola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at big com panics, he weighs the different elements that make for longterm career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.
Ridiculous beliefs？ Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She added, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight (公众注意中心).
According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" (in Para. 1) probably refers to ______.
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Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and 【C2】______ certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two 【C3】______ schools of thought on the matter have 【C4】______ . As one might expect, the two 【C5】______ are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of 【C6】______ between proponents (支持者) of each theory. The controversy is often 【C7】______ to as "nature vs nurture".
Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior. patterns are 【C8】______ determined by biological and 【C9】______ factors. That our environment has 【C10】______ , if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior. is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior. is predetermined 【C11】______ such a great degree that we are almost completely 【C12】______ by our instincts.
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, 【C13】______ they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining 【C14】______ we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior. is almost completely 【C15】______ by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite 【C16】______ ; they maintain that, like machines, humans 【C17】______ to environmental stimuli as the 【C18】______ of their behavior.
Neither of these theories can yet 【C19】______ explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the 【C20】______ to our behavior. lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
【C1】
A．It disturbed the local people with noises.B．It caused the damage on the pavement.C．I
The alternative the author suggests is that we should ______.
A．Miss her card game.B．Stay up too late.C．Take too heavy a workload next semester.D．In
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