This HIV-positive patient with a viral load of 750,000 copies of HIV RNA/ml and a total CD4 count of 50 is at an increased risk for a number of infectious diseases. For which of the following diseases is the patient at no more added risk than an immunocompetent host?
A. Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia
B. Mycobacterial disease
C. Kaposi's sarcoma
D. Pneumococcal pneumonia
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HIV-1 is classified as a member of the Lentivirus genus in the Retroviridae family. Lentiviruses
A. Contain a DNA genome
B. Cause tumors in mice
C. Infect cells of the immune system
D. Have related sequences endogenous in normal cells
E. Cause rapidly progressive neurologic diseas
Each of the following statements concerning HIV is correct except
A. Screening tests for antibodies and nucleic acid are useful to prevent transmission of HIV through transfused blood
B. The opportunistic infections seen in AIDS are primarily the result of a loss of cell-mediated immunity
C. Zidovudine (azidothymidine) inhibits the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
D. The presence of circulating antibodies that neutralize HIV is evidence that an individual is protected against HIV-induced disease
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is less than ideal because
A. It does not eliminate latent HIV infection
B. Some HIV strains are resistant to it
C. It often has severe side effects
D. All of the above
The typical course of an untreated HIV infection extends over 10 or more years. There is usually a long period (clinical latency) between the time of primary HIV infection and the development of AIDS. During this period of clinical latency
A. HIV is not detectable in the plasma
B. CD4 cell counts remain unchanged
C. Virus replicates at a very low rate
D. Virus is present in lymphoid organs
E. Neutralizing antibodies are not elicited
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