What comment is made in the fifth paragraph?
A. The challenge facing marketing may be impossible in the long term.
B. Marketing activity should move away from traditional goals.
Conflicts confronting marketing may be less extreme than expected.
D. Marketing should focus on promoting goods which last longer.
What development is mentioned in the fourth paragraph?
A. Product design is becoming secondary to ethical considerations.
B. A company's reputation is growing in importance over its brands.
C. Ethical considerations can lead to effective innovation.
D. Competitiveness is becoming harder to maintain over time.
•Read the article below about job enrichment, a kind of way to promote the work efficiency of a company.
•Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D.
•For each question 21—30, mark one letter (A, B, G, or D) on your Answer Sheet.
Job Enrichment
While pay is an attempt to reward zestful employees, job enrichment is an effort to motivate via the work itself. Job enrichment is the (21) of changing the job so that the work will appeal to employees’ higher-level needs. Its aim is to make the work more meaningful.
First, job enrichment is merely (22) up, working harder at what you are doing. Second, it is not job (23) , merely adding another meaningless job. Some managers assume they are enriching subordinates’ work by adding their duties, but the duties must make the job more meaningful in order to be enriching. Third, rotating (24) tasks does not help, at least not very much. Fourth, job enrichment does not mean (25) away all the hard parts and making the task more routine.
Then what is job enrichment? Job enrichment is based on Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory of (26) . Herzberg argued that because job rotation and job enlargement do not provide workers with any additional responsibility or (27) over their jobs, they do not really enhance employee motivation. Job enrichment (28) to increase both the number of tasks a worker does and the control the worker has over the job. Many companies (29) job enrichment to improve the quality of work life for their employees. The (30) benefits of job enrichment are great, but it requires careful planning and execution.
(21)
A. purpose
B. program
C. project
D. process