题目内容
It can not be denied that the existing resources on earth will be depleted, but scientists
查看答案
搜索结果不匹配？点我反馈
更多问题
Witkins rightly argues that population may be deemed a valid sustainable
development indicator—that sustainability can only be implemented by limiting
population below the carrying capacity of the Earth. This thesis works relatively
well when one presupposes that global per capita consumption is homogenous,
(5) and that the global ecosystem can perform. with uniform. effectiveness the tasks
of supplying resources and assimilating wastes, but in reality population effects
vary widely due to vast regional differences in ecosystem characteristics. While
large populations exert considerable stress on their ecosystems, small
populations with high rates of consumption can eclipse the effect of larger
(10) populations operating at lower rates of consumption. Per capita consumption of
energy may exponentially exceed the physiological energy requirements of
humans, requiring that both population and consumption be taken into account.
Witkins thus ignores the corollary that the impact of population tends to be more
significant on a national level than that of consumption adjusted population, but
(15) on a global level, the opposite obtains.
The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions？
Historians have established that Charles the III regretted the ______ of his treasury, the
The Headland Hypothesis argues that foraging or non-agricultural tribes
have been unable to collect adequate carbohydrates in the rain forest due to its
lack of starch producing species, and were thus forced to develop trade
relationships with agriculturalists. This hypothesis has been shown to rest on
(5) impossibly idealized conceptions of virgin rain forest, forager behavior. and
history, such that one may argue something diametrically different: millennia of
trade relationships with agricultural peoples have led to changes in forager
behaviors and in the composition of the forests they inhabit. Supposing that
humans modify their environments in ways that are generally favorable toward
(10) their continued survival, it follows that an increased reliance on agriculturalists
for carbohydrates might lead to the gradual disappearance of rain forest
starches. Horticulturalists are likely to dedicate the majority of their efforts
toward staple starch crops such as rice or wheat, which in some environments
may provide a more efficient source of carbohydrates than does foraging.
(15) Foragers, then, would be inclined to assume the "professional primitive" role,
and trade more tasty and nutritious rain forest resources such as meat and fruit
in exchange for carbohydrates, as Headland himself observed in a multitude of
cultures around the world.
Foragers may have also lost some of their knowledge and technologies
(20) related to carbohydrate extraction from the rain forest, and the carbohydrate-
rich rain forest species may have arrested their co-evolution with foragers,
leaving the impression that rain forests have always possessed insufficient
quantities of such resources to support humans. A co-evolutionary argument is
not, however, necessary to this line of reasoning, for rain forests may adapt
(25) purely in terms of the quantity and availability of extant carbohydrate-rich
species, as the case of sago palms evinces in two ways. Firstly, the selective
harvesting of some trees has been shown to have a "thinning" effect which helps
the species to gain sunlight and to thrive, positively affecting its long-term
survival, reproduction and distribution at the expense of carbohydrate-rich
(30) species. Secondly, the sago palm has two means of reproduction: vegetatively,
or through "suckers", and through seed disbursal, which whether intentional
and inadvertent is likely to increase when humans are harvesting the trees.
Although sago palms are particularly prevalent in the areas where, for instance
the Penan foragers exploit it, there has been no study to show that this would
(35) remain the case if the Penan were to move, or to cease exploiting the trees.
Admittedly, this response to the Headland Hypothesis has problems, for
not all carbohydrate producing species are disbursed by seeds, nor have they all
been shown to benefit from human foraging behaviors. Theories of co-evolution
do, however, predict that such relationships would be likely to evolve, and the
(40) simple fact that disturbing the rain forest through fire, sago harvesting, and
countless other means available to foragers can lead to better environments for
carbohydrate growth, illustrates that significant changes could have occurred in
much less time than one might expect.
The passage is primarily concerned with discussing
SECTION 4
Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best.
ORIENT:
微信支付 
支付宝支付