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名词解释:再次应答

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列表比较体液免疫应答抗体产生的初次应答和再次应答的特性。

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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing a urinary tract infection(UTI)? Select one

A. Benign prostatic hypertrophy
B. Male gender
C. Sexual intercourse
D. Urinary catheterization

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All of the following statements are correct regarding clinical presentation and management of urinary tract infections EXCEPT, Select one

A. Patients with pyelonephritis may present with fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and flank pain
B. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy can lead to symptomatic UTI, acute cystitis, and pyelonephritis
C. Nitrofurantoin and beta-lactams are safe to use throughout pregnancy for treatment of UTI
D. All male patients that are diagnosed with a UTI would be classified as having a complicated UTI

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A 27 year old female presents with a 2 day history of dysuria and increased urinary frequency she has no lower back pain or fever. Her history indicates that she had 2 previous U TIs which were both successfully treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)160 mg/800 mg po BID x 3 days. Her last UTI was 4 months ago. She is on oral contraceptives and she is sexually active. What is the LEAST likely pathogen responsible for the UTI? Select one

A. Candida albicans
B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
C. Escherichia coli
D. Proteus mirabilis

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