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Who is the main author of the study？
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SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文： Over the past two weeks the BBC World Service has been running an AIDS season and we' ve heard many aspects of the illness but today we want to get a sense of your personal contribution and whether you think that you' re winning the baffle. So I want to start by asking you about the enemy. When did you first realize what a serious enemy you were up against with AIDS？
Annan: I think it was when I discussed the issue with the World Health Organization and the UNAIDS and looked at the figures and the statistics and the devastation it was causing in many African countries and the attitude of the leaders. We needed leadership. We needed leadership at all levels. But it was most important to get the Presidents and the Prime Ministers speaking up and that was not happening and I thought we should do whatever we can to raise awareness and to get them involved.
BBC: And is your sense of the problem, is it all from talking to leaders and talking to officials or have you been out there on the ground talking to sufferers？
Annam I've been out there on the ground talking to sufferers, in fact my wife and I were in Lima just last week and we had a rather painful experience with a group of women who had set themselves up to help AIDS sufferers. They had with them a nine years old. The mother and the father had died of AIDS. She was left with her grandmother who was illiterate and didn't know what to do. When we met them she was getting no assistance at all so I called my UNDP colleague there, the resident coordinator, and I said "can' t we do something for this gift？" And of course he' s going to try and see if PAHO, the WHO' s regional organization can help her. But we were both quite struck, we knew this was happening but we hadn't expected-- I' ve seen the situation in parts of Africa where I've visited AIDS patients in villages where you see grandmother and lots of grandchildren, no mother, no father and yet you go to a place like Mozambique, a small clinic which is doing a lot, Which is following pregnant women, ensuring that the children are born free of AIDS and following the mother to try and protect her so that they can have their mother as well and they do not become one of the 14 million plus orphans. And I' ve also lost some very close friends, including people who worked here in the UN and that also hits you.
BBC: So you' ve watched individuals struggle through the course of the illness？
Annam Exactly, so for me it' s not statistics, it' s not statistics. I've seen the human suffering and the pain and what is even more difficult is when you see somebody lying there dying who knows that there' s medication and medicine somewhere else in the world that can save her but she can' t have it because she' s poor and lives in a poor country. Where is our common humanity？ How do you explain it to her that in certain parts of the world AIDS is a disease that can be treated and one can live with and function but in her particular situation it' s a death sentence. It' s a tough one.
BBC: And how do you explain it？
Annan: You try to explain to them about what you are trying to do and what you are trying to get the governments to do to increase assistance, not only in areas of treatment, prevention and education and getting the youth and the women' s organizations involved, it may not necessarily help her particular situation but at least its good for her to know that action is contemplated, action is on the way, if it will not save her it will save others, that in itself is consoling but its not good enough. This is why I
Everyone here, I think, must know how to distinguish the right from the wrong. But it is not enough to know what is right and what is wrong. One must also be able to apply this knowledge to actual, concrete situations. For that, the virtue of prudence is essential.
St Thomas Aquinas referred to prudence as the "rudder virtue", the one that "steers the others. Without it, we are like someone adrift in a boat, tossed in this direction or that by the wind, the waves, and the current. Unfortunately, the virtue of prudence has too often been confused with caution. Thus, the "prudent” person is one who never "rocks the boat" and is especially careful to avoid offending those who are in a position to advance their interests--or to thwart them.
The word that actually comes closest to functioning as a synonym for prudence is "discernment". The prudent person is one who can "size up" a situation and decide, or discern, what is the wisest and most moral course of action to take.
Accordingly, prudence doesn't answer the question, "What is the right thing in principle to do？"
Rather, "What is the right thing for me (Or for us) to do in this situation？"
The prudent person fully examines a situation and seeks advice from others, (Reaching out to others for counsel before acting is one of the classic marks of a prudent person.) A judgement is made in the light of this examination and advice, and then a decision is made.
The exercise of prudence presupposes that the person knows the relevant moral principles, has a fund of experience from which to draw, has the ability to make the best use of the experience, and has a capacity to learn from others (which means a capacity to listen attentively to what others are saying). The prudent person can also recognise the implications of a given situation and of a line of action to be taken under the circumstances. The prudent person has the Vision and foresight to anticipate obstacles and to plan to surmount them.
In the final analysis, the prudent person has the ability to take every relevant factor and circumstance into account and then to make a moral decision in light of it all. So, I hope we can try to be a prudent person and apply this virtue of prudence to our work, and do better and achieve more in our work.
The anther is ______.
【C14】
People were surprised to find that he had the ability to ______ everything he was involved
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