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指出(1)(2)句子的修辞格、含义以及作用。

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孟德尔在豌豆杂交试验中研究了7对性状，并因此发现了普遍适用的分离定律和自由组合定律，尽管后来的许多杂交试验常发现一些与预期分离比偏离的结果。在回顾孟德尔的试验时，我们不得不承认：在他的试验中隐含着许多导致成功的“巧合”的因素。例如孟德尔分析的7对性状在后代的分离惊人地符合3:1，因此有人指责他可能有意舍弃了一些不符合的数据；又如后来有人发现这7对性状的遗传因子并不分布在7条不同的染色体上，而是坐落在4条染色体上，这就意味着决定这些性状的遗传因子在F2代中不一定完全自由地组合，但是孟德尔却获得了自由组合的结果。请你就上述两个例子发表你的观点，并尽可能多地举出孟德尔的试验中存在的各种“巧合”的因素。

？Read the text below about the phases of innovation in market.
？In most of the lines 41--52 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.
？If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.
？If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
New Innovation Needs Three Phases
0 Almost every new innovation goes through three phases. When initially introduced
00 into the market, the process of adoption is slow. The early models are that expensive
41 and hard to use, and perhaps even unsafe. The economic impact is relatively very
42 small. The second phase is the explosive one, because where the innovation is rapidly
43 adopted by a large number of many people. It gets cheaper and easier to use and
44 becomes something familiar with. And then in the third stage, diffusion of the
45 Innovation slows down again, as if it permeates out across the economy. During the
46 explosive phase, the whole new industries spring up to produce the new product or
47 innovation, and up to service it. For example, during the 1920s, there is dramatic
48 acceleration in auto production, from 1.9 million in 1920 to 4.5 million in 1929. This
49 boom was accompanied by all sorts of other essential activities necessary for an the
50 auto-based nation: Roads had to be built for the cars to run on; refineries and oil
51 wells, to provide the gasoline; and garages, to repair them. Historically speaking, the
52 same pattern is repeated again and again and with innovations. The construction of the electrical system required an enormous early investment in generation and distribution capacity.
(41)

作者为什么在文中大篇幅地评论《西游记》？

按照里昂惕夫的研究，发现美国的国际贸易的情况并不是总是符合H-O定理的。()