下列哪种情形构成诈骗罪?A.甲某以虚假、冒用的身份证件办理入网手续并使用移动电话,造成电信资费下列哪种情形构成诈骗罪?
A. 甲某以虚假、冒用的身份证件办理入网手续并使用移动电话,造成电信资费损失数额较大的
B. 甲某得知本厂业务员乙某要去送人造金刚石,萌发非法占有念头。预先准备好一袋河砂,以备调换金刚石之用。第二日,甲某受厂办指派,驾驶面包车送乙某携金刚石到火车站。在乙某吃饭之际,甲某提出到远处修车。乙某要求跟车同往,甲某婉言拒绝,并表示一定保证车上金刚石的安全。乙某信以为真,一再嘱托看好货物之后,允许甲某将车开走修理。甲某乘机打开封装的纸箱,用砂子调换出金刚石
C. 甲某雇乙某运输一车货物,并随车押送。途中,乙某谎称车胎漏气骗甲某下车观看,甲某下车后,乙某乘机加速逃离,把货物据为已有
D. 甲某与乙某同住一集体宿舍,知道乙某信用卡的密码。某日甲某一人在宿舍时发现乙某的信用卡掉在宿舍的地上。甲某捡起信用卡到自动取款机上提取了1万元现金后,又将信用卡放到原处
The term "sunk cost"(Paragraph 9) may probably mean that
A. Merck's investment will be just a total failure without FDA's approval.
B. there has been too much money lost in the vaccine research against HPV.
C. it's impossible for Merck to recoup its costs from the market.
D. the money thrown in the research will be taken back from the shareholders.
Before its stock price sagged 40 percent and both litigators and regulators began circling overhead, Merck invited several journalists to its 415-acre research and development center 30 miles from Philadelphia. As other pharmaceutical investigators can attest, Merck's 10,000 scientists and support personnel here help explain why new drugs often cost so much. Standing in the middle of his $4 million lab, Dr. Graham Smith points to an LCMS Mass Spectrometer that atomizes test compounds and evaluates them for healing properties.
"Of the 1,200 molecules tested here last year," Dr. Smith says, "eight went on to the next step. And not all of those will go on to become drugs." Dr. Smith and his team of analytic chemists fail steadily, on average, for 6 weeks before discovering a potential therapy. Another 32 days usually pass before that happens again.
Merck is not alone in throwing most of its darts straight into the floor. According to John T. Kelly, M.D., of the Washington-based Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, "Only 5 in 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing make it to human testing. And only 1 of these 5 tested in people is approved for sale.
Citing Tufts University data, Dr. Kelly added: "On average, it costs a company $802 million to get one new medicine from the laboratory to US patients. This process normally takes 10 to 15 years."
Eliav Bart, M.D., Merck's senior director for clinical research, works on a vaccine to prevent the Human Papillomavirus. Sooner or later, HPV afflicts 50 to 75 percent of sexually active adults. HPV causes genital warts, as well as cancers of the cervix, vulva and anus. So far, tests have found the vaccine 100 percent effective against HPV 16, one of the virus' particularly menacing strains.
None of this comes cheap, either.
"Several hundred people are working on this exclusively around the world for Merck," Dr. Barr says. Consequently, the company has built clinics in Iceland, Peru and Thailand. "Merck put equipment in, and we'll leave it in," Dr. Barr says. This will provide a steady stream of scientific data for obstetricians and gynecologists.
Merck also has built a $100 million structure specifically to manufacture the HPV vaccine. If approved, the drug's price will reflect, in part, this huge up-front investment. But if it fails to secure Food and Drug Administration approval, Merck will be the proud owner of a gleaming, $100 million white elephant. This sunk cost will have to be spread across the rest of Merck's product line. Alternatively, this money could be subtracted from shareholder dividends, employee salaries, or new research and development. These are lame long term strategies. That, and more, adds up.
The vaccine against this ailment is for pharmaceutical companies to teach Americans-starting with Washington's bipartisan political class—a simple but viral truth: Those little pills do not invent themselves.
What Dr. Smith says in the third paragraph indicates that
A. there are many molecules that need to be tested.
B. it will take a long time to invent a new drug.
C. scientists always waste time in discovering an effective cure.
D. researchers are too cautious of the compounds to go ahead faster.
The author appears to be very approbatory that
A. there should be more eggs on breakfast table.
B. people should spend more time on breakfast.
C. the breakfast should consist of much more kinds of food.
D. the breakfast should contain much more nourishment.