题目内容

The forest lands of Gradwitz were of wide extent and well stocked with game; the narrow strip of precipitous woodland that lay on its outskirt was not remarkable for the game it harboured or the shooting it "afforded, but it was the most jealously guarded of all its owner's territorial possessions. A famous law suit, in the days of his grandfather, had wrested it from the illegal possession of a neighbouring family of petty landowners; the dispossessed party had never acquiesced in the judgment of the Courts, and a long series of poaching affrays and similar scandals had embittered the relationships between the families for three generations. The neighbour feud had grown into a personal one since Ulrich had come to be head of his family; if there was a man in the world whom he detested and wished ill to it was Georg Znaeym, the inheritor of the quarrel and the tireless game-snatcher and raider of the disputed border-forest. The feud might, perhaps, have died down or been compromised if the personal ill-will of the two men had not stood in the way. As boys they had thirsted for one another's blood, as men each prayed that misfortune might fall on the other, and this windscourged winter night Ulrich had banded together his foresters to watch the dark forest, not in quest of fourfooted quarry, but to keep a look-out for the prowling thieves whom he suspected of being afoot from across the land boundary. The roebuck, which usually kept in the sheltered hollows during a storm-wind, were running like driven things tonight, and there was movement and unrest among the creatures that were wont to sleep through the dark hours. Assuredly there was a disturbing element in the forest, and Ulrich could guess the quarter from whence it came.
The two enemies stood glaring at one another for a long silent moment. Each had a rifle in his hand, each had hate in his heart and murder uppermost in his mind. The chance had come to give full play to the passions of a lifetime. But a man who has been brought up under the code of a restraining eivilisation cannot easily nerve himself to shoot down his neighbour in cold blood and without word spoken, except for an offence against his hearth and honour. And before the moment of hesitation had given way to action a deed of Nature's own violence overwhelmed them both. A fierce shriek of the storm had been answered by a splitting crash over their heads, and ere they could leap aside a mass of falling beech tree had thundered down on them. Ulrich yon Gradwitz found himself stretched on the ground, one arm numb beneath him and the other held almost as helplessly in a tight tangle of forked branches, while both legs were pinned beneath the fallen mass. His heavy shooting-boots had saved his feet from being crushed to pieces, but if his fractures were not as serious as they might have been, at least it was evident that he could not move from his present position till some one came to release him. The descending twig had slashed the skin of his face, and he had to wink away some drops of blood from his eyelashes before he could take in a general view of the disaster. At his side, so near that under ordinary circumstances he could almost have touched him, lay Georg Znaeym, alive and struggling, but obviously as helplessly pinioned down as himself. All round them lay a thick-strewn wreckage of splintered branches and broken twigs.
We know from the first paragraph that Ulrich von Gradwitz

A. patrolled the forest regularly.
B. expected to chase a game.
C. was on guard against a person.
D. had a keen sense of hearing.

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According to the relicts, we can infer that domestic animal died because

A. they were horrified.
B. they were suffocated.
C. they were killed by their masters.
D. they had no food.

Which of the following statements about the Nola discovery is CORRECT?

A. The site was discovered by archaeologists' extensive study.
B. It was the first time human encountered the eruption of volcano.
C. The government had little interest in it.
D. The site has been practically destroyed.

SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文:Announcer: Hello and welcome to today's show, Linda's Garden. Today, we'll be interviewing Linda on her amazing techniques at growing a square-foot garden.
Mike: Good morning and my name is Mike, and I have a special guest today, Linda. Linda, you truly have an amazing garden. Could you let us know how you' re kind of putting this together?
Linda: Well, thank you, Mike. I have tried various attempts at gardening and with different, um, degrees of success. This spring I took a square-foot gardening class, and I decided to try some of the things I've learned. Um, one of the most important things in square-toot gardening is that you choose a good location. You need at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunshine. Um, you also need to choose a location that has good drainage, and it should be a convenient location. A garden is a lot more fun if you are walking by and seeing it all the time. Um, you need to decide what kind of containers you want, or, in my case, I used boxes, urn, wooden boxes, and then I divided them up into one-foot squares. And then just decided what I wanted to plant, and based on what the final plant would look like, I had I per square, or maybe 3 per, um, 3 or 4 per square, 12 per square.
Mike: Well, Linda, I'm, I'm ... truly amazed at kind of the architecture of this garden. I've noticed these vertical beams. I've never seen that before. Could you explain that to us a little bit?
Linda: Well, for example, right here we have some, um, cantaloupe, and cantaloupe take a lot of space when you grow them out on the ground, and I don't have that much space, and so, I've just grow them up. Just grow them vertically, I've just made, um, a metal frame, and taken some strings, I just allow them to grow up, and they will support themselves, the cantaloupe will. And all kinds of different vines you can do this with.
Mike: This is truly amazing. I noticed this garden, a vast amount of vegetation. Can you explain to me what you have growing in this garden?
Linda: Well over on the far end, I have tomatoes growing Vertically. In front of those I bare, urn, green peppers, basil, strawberries, uh, beets, nm, green beans, com, ear-rots, all kinds of different vegetables like that. Right here, as I said before, I have, urn, cantaloupe. Down at the bottom, I have some Mexican tomatoes called tomatillos. And down at this end, I have egg plant, another kind of pepper called banana peppers, urn, cucumbers, okra, pumpkins. . and I think that's about it.
Mike: Well, Linda, this is truly amazing. I'm so impressed, and I know our viewers will be impressed about this, this, this excellent garden. Just truly amazing. I'd like to thank you very much for having us in today to look at your garden [Thank you, Mike]. In a few minutes, viewers, we will let you see the entire garden, and maybe Linda will kind of show you around. So, we thank your very much for being with us today, and our special guest, Linda. Have a nice day.
Linda learned about square -foot gardening ______.

A. by attending a class
B. from her parents
C. through a gardening magazine
D. by learning form. her friend

With modem audio-recording equipment, there is, of course, no difficulty in recording speakers in many face-to-face situations or on the telephone. Some researchers have ethical objections to such recordings; others adopt a compromise solution of recording without their knowledge and then telling them afterwards. How- ever, suppose one decides to record people with their knowledge, what solutions are there, if any, to the effect of the recording on the speakers? In many cases, the recording may have to be with the speakers’consent in any case, for example, if recording teachers, doctors, magistrates, or official meetings of different kinds.
One argument, put forward by Wolfson(1976) ,is that there is no such thing as natural speech in any absolute sense. All language changes to be appropriate to the situation. All there is to study, then, is what people regard as appropriate in different situations. In any case, in all social situations, we ale. aware of being monitoned to some extent by others present: being monitored by a tape-recorder and researcher is therefore just a particular example of this. This type of argument usefully points out that the hunt for pure, natural or authentic data is a chimera. On the other hand, we may be investigating how people speak when they are un- comfortable. Being permanently recorded and studied is not a normal situation fox’most people, and those for whom it is an everyday occurance (including celebrities, radio personalities, courtroom lawyers ) develop special strategies to deal with it. There is always the suspicion that in extraordinary situations people produce extraordinary language.
One research strategy is proposed by J. Wilson. lie argues that since speakers will inevitably be affect- ed by the recording, one should deliberately study such effects: what he called tape-affected speech. Exam- pies would include direct references to the recording equipment or uncharacteristically polite usages, or the opposite--deliberately obscene references, for example, where speakers are showing that they do not care what is recorded. This suggestion is useful, insofar as it warns researchers what to be aware of in recordings. On the other hand, we ought to know about normal language, not about such artificially produced ones.
It is regularly proposed that speakers grow used to being recorded, and that tape-affected speeches de- crease with time. One can, therefore, record speakers over some hours or days, and either edit out tape affect- ed sections, or simply discard earlier data. Although this principle seems very plausible, there appears to be no studies which have tested its validity. A similarly plausible but not well-tested claim is that if people are recorded in self-selected groups, then the pressures of interacting in a group will overrid the iuflueuce of the tape-recorder. Labor (1972b) claimes that recording Negro youths in their peer groups deceased the attention they paid to their speech. On the other hand, he was recording gangs of boys who might have gone out of their way to display their group solidarity to the observer. A different version of this argument is to record natural social groups. I di

A. talking about file practical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio - recordings
B. talking about the theoretical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio - recordings
C. talking about the observer’s paradox
D. talking about the speaker’s styles and conscious control

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