These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs occasionally in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Such customers, all sharing a particular need, are likely to form. a meaningful target, for example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweries. In such circumstances, direct selling (marketing that reaches only the program target) is likely to be economically justified, and highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the program target--and only members of the program target--to the marketing program.
Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different. Typically, there are many rather than few potential customers. Each represents a relatively small percentage of potential sales. Rarely do members of a particular market segment group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target. There are substantial differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics. Even with all the past decade's advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer goods is rare, and mass marketing--a marketing approach that aims at a wide audience--remains the only economically feasible mode. Unfortunately, there are few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the program target. Inevitably, people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.
The author implies which of the following about specialized trade media?
A. They can be used only when direct selling is not economically feasible.
B. They are used only for very expensive products.
C. They are rarely used in marketing programs for industrial products.
D. They are used only when direct selling has not reached the appropriate segment.
公司拟发行的股本总额超过4亿元的,按规定可降低向社会公众发行的比例,但最低不得少于公司拟发行股本总额的()。
A. 15%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. 30%