人俗,其艺未必俗。茨威格写巴尔扎克平生所为俗事连篇累牍,然而不碍其为旷代文豪,惟其艺不俗。人俗如张瑞图,其字则高华典雅,绝无俗意。说赵孟俗,那是民族意识蒙蔽了审美意识,其实赵孟的字是不会与俗字联姻的。我们不为贤者讳,齐白石对金钱的爱慕与吝啬,的确去雅甚远,但齐白石的画俗吗?_____:当上述大师趋附名利时,灵魂的蒸发物是“庸俗”;而当他们创造绝对价值时,灵魂的蒸发物是“高雅”。
填入划横线部分最恰当的一句是:
A. 艺术的审判台不是道德的审判台,这是史家所必须注意的
B. 这种矛盾的状况,是不能轻易说清楚的
C. 当艺术家升腾着庸俗之气时,和天下的俗人没有任何区别
D. 我们惟一的解释只能是人性的二元论
In Your Face
Why is this man so angry? Wedon't know the reason, but we can see the emotion in his face.Whatever cultureyou have, you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.
Forty years ago, psychologistPaul Ekman of the University of California, San Francisco, became inter-ested in how people's faceshow their feelings. He took photographs of Americans expressing variousemo-tions. Then he showed them to the Fore people, who live in the jungle inNew Guinea.Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces, but they easily understoodAmerican's expressions of anger, happiness, sadness,disgust, fear, andsurprise.
Then Ekman did the sameexperiment in reverse. He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans,and theresults were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on theFore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory thatfacial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere. He did moreresearch inJapan,Brazil, andArgentina, and got the samere-sults.
According to Ekman, these sixemotions are universal because they are built into our brains. They developedto help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us. Some emotional triggersare universal as well. When something suddenly comes into sight, people feelfear, because it might be dangerous.But most emotional triggers are learned.For example, two people might smell newly cut grass. One reason spent wonderfulsummers in the country as a child, so the smell makes him happy. The otherperson remembers working very hard on a farm and being hungry, so he feels sad.
Once we make an emotionalassociation in our brain, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to changeit. "Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain. " says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance, we can be moreaware of things that make us angry, and we can think before we react.
There are many differencesbetween cultures, in their languages and customs. But a smile is exact-ly thesame everywhere.
Paul Ekman studies people's faces in different cultures.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned