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（三）阅读下面这篇现代文并回答问题。（16分） 城市和旷野 毕淑敏 城市是一粒粒精致的银扣，缀在旷野的黑绿色大氅上，不分昼夜地熠熠闪光。 我所说的旷野，泛指崇山峻岭，河流海洋，湖泊森林，戈壁荒漠……一切人烟罕至保存原始风貌的地方。 旷野和城市，从根本上讲，是对立的。 人们多以为和城市相对应的那个词，是乡村。比如常说“城乡差别”“城里人乡下人”，其实乡村不过是城市发育的低级阶段。再简陋的乡村，也是城市的一脉兄长。 惟有旷野与城市永无声息地对峙着。城市侵袭了旷野昔日的领地，驱散了旷野原有的驻民，破坏了旷野古老的风景，越来越多地以井然有序的繁华，取代我行我素的自然风光。 城市是人类所有伟大发明的需求地，展览厅，比赛场，评判台。如果有一双慧眼从宇宙观看夜晚的地球，他一定被城市不灭的光芒所震撼。旷野是舒缓的，城市是激烈的。旷野是宁静的，城市喧嚣不已。旷野对万物具有强大的包容性，城市几乎是人的一统天下…… 人们为了从一个城市，越来越快地到达另一个城市，发明了各种各样的交通工具。人们用最先进的通讯手段联结一座座城市，使整个地球成为无所不包的网络。可以说，人们离开广义上的城市已无法生存。 我读过一则登山报道，一位成功地攀上了珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢者，在返回营地的途中，遭遇暴风雪，被困，且无法营救。人们只能通过卫星，接通了他与家人的无线电话。冰暴中，他与遥距万里的城市内的妻子，讨论即将出生的孩子的姓名，飓风为诀别的谈话伴奏。几小时后，电话再次接通主峰，回答城市呼唤的是旷野永恒的沉默。 我以为这凄壮的一幕，具有几分城市和旷野的象征，城市是人们用智慧和心血，勇气和时间，一代又一代堆积起来的庞然大物，在城市里，到处文明的痕迹，以至于后来的人们，几乎以为自己被甲执兵，无坚不摧。但在城市以外的广袤大地，旷野无声地统治着苍穹，傲视人寰。 人们把城市像巨钉一样，楔入旷野，并以此为据点，顽强地繁衍着后代，创造出溢光流彩的文明。旷野在最初，漠然置之，甚至是温文尔雅的接受着。但旷野一旦反扑，人就一筹莫展了。尼雅古城，庞贝古城……一系列历史上辉煌的城郭名字，湮灭在大地的皱褶里。 人们建造了越来越多越来越大的城市，以满足种种需要，旷野日益退缩着。但人们不应忽略旷野，漠视旷野，而要寻觅出与其相亲相守的最佳间隙。善待旷野就是善待人类自身。要知道，人类永远不可能以城市战胜旷野，旷野是大自然的肌肤。 皮之不存，毛将焉附？！ 下面两个句子在文中各有什么含义？（4分）（1）城市几乎是人的一统天下。（2）皮之不存，毛将焉附？
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