题目内容
昆虫的季节消长因气候条件的改变而有不同的表现。()
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生态学指的环境是生物体以外的非生物环境。()
【C13】
Next time you gaze outside 【C1】______ a cold winter day and think how dead everything appears, take a closer look.
Nature may not be at its 【C2】______ in January and February, but it may be the best time to observe amazing adaptations and appreciate the diversity of life even when the temperature falls 【C3】______ freezing.
Skunks, chipmunks, and black bears are among the few animals to semi-hibernate during the winter.
The woodchuck is a true hibernator. Many animals 【C4】______ to escape the cold. Reptiles may migrate several inches down into leaf litter or the mud at the bottom of a pond, 【C5】______ fish may swim and feed below the ice. Other animals stay active throughout the winter months.
Animal tracks and signs are an excellent 【C6】______ to learn about wildlife in winter. Gnawed bark, active lodges, stray feathers, diggings in the ground, urine or scat, or holes in the ice give clues to activity, whether it's foraging, hunting for prey, finding shelter, or looking for a mate. Tracks are 【C7】______ by their size and shape, the number of toes, the stride, and the mode of locomotion (walking, bounding, galloping, or wadding).
Blowing leaves, cones, or seeds along with falling or rolling snow can also 【C8】______ interesting tracks and trails on the snow.
Tracking conditions 【C9】______ with the type and amount of snow; it's best to look along the edge of a habitat, such as 【C10】______ a forest meets a field, or near water's edge. Unmelted and undrifted snow provides the clearest tracks. Watch for bird tracks, too, including wing marks: when tracks stop abruptly, the bird probably took 【C11】______ .
Evidence of insects is also plentiful during the winter. Many insects, with their variety of adaptations, over winter in one of their developmental (sub-adult) stages as either eggs or pupae and emerge in the spring, Insects also have their own version of hibernation in 【C12】______ weather, a resting stage called diapause. For some insects, the ratio of light to dark may signal them to migrate to stable environments beneath the ground, below the water's surface, or into deep water.
Other animals seek protection under the insulating blanket of winter snow. Snow hides prey from 【C13】______ and 【C14】______ dormant plants, insects, and small mammals. Deeper snow requires more energy to move through, but makes it easier for smaller animals to reach buds on tree branches.
Plants also 【C15】______ to cold weather with a wide variety of survival techniques. Winter weeds that look dead and dry may have live roots underground. Some disperse their seeds on winter winds or produce burs full of seeds that get caught on the fur of passing animals.
【C1】
SECTION B PASSAGES
Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文： When we think of communication, we normally think of using words—talking face-to-face, writing messages and so on. But in fact we communicate far more in other ways. Our eyes and facial expressions usually tell the truth even when our words do not.
Then there are gestures, often unconscious: raising the eyebrows, rubbing the nose, shrugging the shoulders, tapping the fingers, nodding and shaking the head. There is also the even more subtle "body language" of posture: are you sitting or standing with arras or legs crossed？ Is that person standing with hands in pockets, held in front of the body or hidden behind？ Even the way we dress and the colors we wear communicate things to others.
So, do animals communicate？ Not in words, although a parrot might he trained to repeat words and phrases which it doesn't understand. But as we have learnt, there is more to communicate than words. Take dogs for example. They bare their teeth to warn, wag their tails to welcome and stand firm, with hair erect, to challenge. These signals are surely the canine equivalent of the human body language of facial expression, gesture and posture.
What are the ways animals communicate？
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