题目内容
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Medical experts say most Americans do not get enough sleep and more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. A slight sleep is suggested before continuing with other activities. A study for at least three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap. Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. (27)The organizers said naps might improve health by reducing tension caused by work. Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the idea of napping for many years. They urge people to leave work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices(28)so as to reduce mistakes and accidents, and also increase the amount of work a person can do. Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not carry out important duties when Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness until the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap should last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep. Waking up will be difficult.
(27)
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SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文： Interview with Nick Ularu About leadership and team building in arts and culture
Reporter: Welcome Nick, our audience must be eager to know your ideas about leadership and teambuilding in arts and culture.
Nick: Thanks. I think everybody who wants to pursue a successful career, specially in the arts, have to consider himself/herself a world citizen from the beginning. I think one of the most dangerous notions in the contemporary society is the provincialism. I was trying always to keep my Romanian roots but I felt always the need to connect myself with what's happen in the world. I can understand the fears of loosing the identity but due to the development of the technology and information it is practically impossible to ignore some of the advantages of the scary globalization.
Reporter: But now, because we got together again here, in this amazing and--I might say--unbelievable country such as
the USA, let's talk a little about your experience here, first. Then, because I know that you are teacher and a set designer in the same time, maybe you can tell me how you can handle this.
Nick: I had a cultural choke in my first six months in the USA. It is hard to accept that the American administration doesn't subsidize the arts as the majority of the European governments do, specially because the USA is the most developed country in the world. It is amazing to see an artist as Robert Wilson doing his experimental projects in Europe, with European money, with budgets one cannot dream to have here in the USA outside of the entertainment industry, and coming to present these performances in the USA. Speaking about evil, it is still hard for me to associate the concept of industry with the concept of arts, like the film industry or entertainment industry. I was wondering always if directors like Fellini or Bergman would exist or survive as artists in the American film industry, and how their films will look like. Thanks God, the American art survive based on the private sponsorship and on the artists ambitions and frustrations.
Reporter: Is your career as a teacher helping the artistic side？
Nick: To be honest it was more easy to handle this in Europe. My career as a teacher is occupying almost all my time over the academic year. It is frustrating to refuse some of the project proposals just because I don't have the physical time to do it.
But this was always a major problem for me. I think I need more lives to do what I want to do or at least days of 36-48 hours. I like teaching because I have the feeling that keeps me young...
Working with young artists is as wonderful and painful as the love is. I hate teaching in an environment where there are more concerns about the politics, political correctness, power, etc. than education.
Reporter: Do you feel that your students are going to become your followers？ What is your teaching technique, basically？ Is it just listen to me, and do that or the far more difficult. Let's see what you have to say about the issue？
Nick: MY philosophy of teaching is that the students must be the followers of their own talents, not mine. All I try to do is to develop their own personality, to make them open and confident in their powers. In my opinion a teacher must be first of all, honest with his/her students. One cannot do education by pleasing always your students in order to have good evaluations for your tenure.
Reporter: What about the teamwork both in classes and at the theatre- is something different from other countries, in term of relationship between the members？
Nick: The teamwork
A．singularB．loneC．individualD．unique
听力原文： 25 years ago, Ray Anderson, a single parent with a one-year-old son witnessed a terrible accident which took place when the driver of a truck ran a red light and collided with the car of Sandra D. The impact of the collision killed Sandra instantly. But her three-month-old daughter was left trapped in the burning car.
While others looked on in horror, Andersen jumped out of his vehicle and crawled into the car through the shadowed rear window to try to free the infant. Seconds later, the car was enclosed in flames. But to everyone's amazement, Andersen was able to pull the baby to safety. While the baby was all right, Andersen was seriously injured. Two days later he died. But his heroic act was published widely in the media.
His son was soon adopted by relatives. The most remarkable part of the story unfolded only last week. Karen and her boyfriend Michael were looking through some old boxes when they came across some old newspaper clippings. "This is me when I was a new born baby. I was rescued from a burning car. But my mother died in the accident," explained Karen.
Although Michael knew Karen's mother had died years earlier, he never fully understood the circumstances until he skimmed over the newspaper article. To Karen's surprise, Michael was absorbed in the details of the accident. And he began to cry uncontrollably. Then he revealed that the man that pulled Karen from the flames was the father he never knew. The two embraced and shed many tears, recounting stories told to them about their parents.
(30)
The Effects of Global Warming on Weather
There are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms”. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Here’s one example: plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation (植物) may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometres a year—faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada, the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming.
There are dozens of other possible “feedback mechanism”. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the “albedo” effect, will do the opposite. The “albedo” effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earth’s surface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes (戳) through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase.
Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse. The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are. In developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.
Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 percent of all the world’s energy is consumed by a quarter of the world’s population. The average rich-world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US, with just seven per cent of the global population, is responsible for 22 per cent of global warming.
“Feedback mechanisms” in paragraph 1 most probably refer to______.
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