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【C20】______
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【C12】______
Bravery is as rare in war as it is in peace. It isn't just a matter of facing danger from
The role of women in Britain has changed a lot in this century, 【C1】______ in the last twen-ty years. The main change has been 【C2】______ giving women greater equality with men. 【C3】______ to the beginning of this century, women seem to have had 【C4】______ rights. They could not vote and were kept at home. 【C5】______ , as far as we know, most women were happy 【C6】______ this situation. Today, women in Britain certainly 【C7】______ more rights than they used to. They were 【C8】______ the vote in 1919. In 1970 a law was passed to give them an equal 【C9】______ of wealth in the case of divorce, 【C10】______ the Equal Pay Act gave them the right 【C11】______ equal pay with men for work of equal value in the same year.
Yet 【C12】______ these changes, there are still great differences in status between men and women. Many employers seem to 【C13】______ the Equal Pay Act, and the average workingwomen is 【C14】______ to earn only about half 【C15】______ a man earns for the same job. 【C16】______ a sur-vey, at present, only one-third of the country's workers are 【C17】______ women. This small percentage is partly 【C18】______ a shortage of nurseries. If there were 【C19】______ nurseries, twice as many women 【C20】______ go out to work.
【C1】______
Heredity (遗传) is not the only thing that influences our color. Where we live and how we live after we are born are important too. For instance, our genes influence how fat or thin we are. But our weight depends mainly upon how much we eat and how much exercise we get. In the same way, our skin color depends to a large extent upon how much sunshine we get.
When summer arrives and light-colored people go to the beaches, some will tan dark-ly, some will tan lightly and few will not tan at all. Each one has inherited a different abili-ty to tan, but the differences do not appear until the conditions are right. An outdoor man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on tan after a short vacation in the sun.
Sometimes people decide that being tanned is better than being pale. Sometimes they decide the opposite.
Centuries ago, most of the people in Europe were peasants and they had to work in the fields all day. Noblemen, on the other hand, did not have to work. They stayed indoors and remained pale. You could always tell a nobleman from a peasant because a peasant had a tan. As a result, a skin so pale that veins (血管) were showed was considered a mark of great beauty.
During the Industrial Revolution things changed. Farmers left their fields and went to work in factories, mines and mills. Working for long hours in dimly-lit factories and mines made their
skins pale. Wealthy people, however, could afford to travel to sunny countries. They had the leisure to lie around on the beaches and get tan. Having a tan became a sign of wealth.
In Western Europe and North America pale skin is no longer desirable. Instead of bleaching themselves white with lemon juice, many women spend their time under a sun-lamp. The desire for a quick tan has led to the invention of pills and lotions (涂剂) that darken the skin artificially without exposure to sunlight. These pills and lotions can be bought by anyone at any drugstore. A rich man can spend hundreds of dollars on a vacation in the sunny West Indies and get his suntan there. But his lowest-paid clerk can have what looks like the same tan out of a bottle for a few cents.
Besides genes, our skin color has much to do with ______.
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