题目内容
Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real; a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with no eyes will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw: people, 75 percent of them draw people with mouths, but 99 percent of them draw people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother is back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the proper place to focus one's gaze during a conversation in japan is on the neck of one's conversational partner.
The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined. Speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they reestablish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keel) their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact. If they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses. (362)
The author is convinced that the eyes are ______.
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Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life【21】common to all animals. In a biological laboratory rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same.
However, biological understanding is not enough:【22】 itself, it can never tell us what human beings are.【23】to our physical equipment the naked human body--we are not an【24】animal. We are tropical creatures,【25】 hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely physical【26】, our species seems a poor【27】for survival.
But we have survived--survived and multiplied and【28】the earth. Some day we will have a【29】 living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things？ Part of the answer is physical.【30】its limitations, our physical equipment has some important【31】. We have excellent vision and hands that can【30】objects with a precision unmatched by any other【33】. Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost【34】 number of neural【35】.
(21)
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