题目内容
听力原文： As you prepare to become elementary school teachers, you'll be hearing a lot of discussions about the relevance of teaching penmanship. Now years ago when I was studying education in college, reading, writing and arithmetic were the basics of elementary school education. It went without saying that writing meant first and foremost penmanship. That is, the neatness of a child's handwriting. It was considered so important that sometimes prizes were even awarded for the best handwriting. But when we move ahead a few decades into the 1980s, we see teachers and administrators and even parents telling us that teaching penmanship is a waste of time. With computers, they said, children can successfully manipulate the keyboard or mouse of their home computers before they can even hold a pencil.
This change in attitude had an impact on the classroom. In your homework for this week you'll be looking at what statewide curricular standards in the US say about penmanship. You'll see that in many states penmanship has been deemphasized in a required curriculum, especially in the later years of elementary school. In California, for example, the curriculum calls for fourth-grade students to... and I quote, "write fluently and legibly in cursive or grades." But after this, the curriculum makes no further mention of penmanship in Grades Five, Six or beyond. Any higher level of quality or neatness is simply not among the curricular objectives. Your assignment is to look at what the curricular standards for all fifty states say about penmanship.
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A．The animals over-fertilize the soil.B．Dead plant roots can't hold the soil together.
听力原文： Today, I'd like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification. That's the process through which land becomes part of a desert. Now a desert is defined as a place that receives a certain maximum amount of rainfall. But you may not know that it usually takes more than just a lack of water to turn productive land into a desert. There are several specific human activities that when combined with a lack of rainfall encourage desertification. For example, over-cultivation, growing more crops than soil can support. The soil loses its nutrients, so it needs either to be fertilized or to be left unused for at least a season. But if neither of these things happens, if these nutrients in the soil don't get replaced, the damaged soil stops producing. Another cause of desertification is overgrazing. That's when the grasses and trees and shrubs of an area are expected to feed more animals than they reasonably can. Too many animals eating in the same area will kill the vegetation. And it's because it's the roots of this vegetation that hold much of the soil together, when too much of the vegetation dies, the soil corrodes. But maybe the most paradoxical example of human behavior. that can lead to desertification is irrigation. It may seem to run counter to common sense to say that introducing water into an area can cause it to become more like a desert. But there are plenty of bad irrigation practices that do just that. Bringing in too much salty water and then not providing adequate drainage for it will till the soil with salt, and turn the area into a desert.
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A．Over 87,000 workers will lose their jobs in auto companies.B．Many people will have t
听力原文：W: I was working on a paper about the differences between women and men. I have been thinking about it all these days，but no satisfactory results come out．
M: Ah，you may not realize you're working on a complicated philosophical issue．
W: I know exactly that men and women are different．They sometimes don't understand each other at all．
M: I agree．Men and women are interested in different topics when they are talking．Last weekend，John and I went to a ball game．When we're at the game，We talked about the players and what's going on in the game and nothing else．I think women wouldn't do that.
W: You bet! Yesterday，a friend and I sat at a cafe and talked about noting，and everything! Um…about my Sister's new baby... and about when she could go back to work…and you know，who should take care of the baby…things like that．
M: When a woman talks With a man，she'll often feel as though he wasn't really listening or that he wasn't really having a conversation, right？
W: Yeah，that sounds very familiar to me．
M：And I think a mall doesn't understand What the woman really wants from him．
W: I guess he probably wonders “what's her point？”，“where's this conversation going？”
M：To speak from experience，for a man，talking is generally more straightforward—it's about giving and getting facts．Men generally don't base their friendships on talking，but on doing—getting together with buddies，playing sports or hanging out．
W: Well，for me，a best friend is someone I can be close with and talk to．I can talk with her in detail about everyday events in our lives．We share feelings and secrets. This offers a chance to better understand our world and ourselves．
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