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It can be inferred from the passage that man' s need to know is chiefly important in that
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文武分职制始于______时期。()
The teacher of reading is involved, whether this is consciously realized or not, in the development of a literate society. And every teacher, therefore, needs to determine what level of literacy is demanded by society, what role he or she should take in achieving the desired standard of literacy, and what the implications of literacy are in world context.
The UNESCO report presents a world view of literacy. Too often we limit our thoughts to the relatively small proportion of illiterates in our country and fail to see it in its international context.
The problems facing developing nations are also facing industrialized national development and national development as a whole is bound up with the world context. Literacy is not a by-product of social and economical development--it is a component of that development. Literacy can help people to function more effectively in a changing environment and ideally will enable the individual to change the environment so that it functions more effectively.
Literacy programs instituted in different countries have taken and are taking different approaches to the problem; for example, the involvement of voluntary non-governmental organizations, which underlines the importance of seeing literacy not as a condition imposed on people but as a consequence of active participation within society. People can learn from the attempts of other countries to provide an adequate "literacy environment".
Who are the "illiterates" and how do we define them？ At what point do we decide that illiteracy ends and literacy begin？ Robert Hillerich addresses these questions. An illiterate, he finds, "may mean anything from one who has no formal schooling to one who has attended four years or less, to one who is unable to read or write at the level necessary to perform. successfully in his social position," Literacy, he points out, is not something one either has or has not got: "Any definition of literacy must recognize this quality as a continuum, representing all degrees of development."
An educational definition--in terms of grades completed or skilled mastered is shown to be in adequate in that educationally defined mastery may bear only minimal relation to the language proficiency needed in coping with environmental demands. From a sociological/economic viewpoint the literacy needs of individual vary greatly, and any definition must recognize the needs of tile individual to engage effectively and to act with responsible participation.
Such a broadened definition excludes assessment based on a "reading-level type", and assessment must, rather, be flexible to fit both purpose and population.
Part of the teacher of reading' s involvement in the development of a literate society is through ______.
The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whether there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important past of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.
The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.
According to the author, the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment ______.
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