&8226;Read the article below about advertising.
&8226;Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
&8226;For each gap 8--12, mark one letter (A--G) on your Answer Sheet.
&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.
ADVERTISING
Advertising is part of our daily lives. To find proof, you have only to leaf through a magazine or newspaper or count the radio or television commercials that you hear in one evening. Most people see and hear a mass of advertising messages every day. And people respond to the many devices that advertisers use to gain their attention. Advertising is a big business, and, to many people, a fascinating one, filled with attraction and excitement. It is part literature, part art, and part show business. Advertising is the difficult business of bringing information to great numbers of people. The purpose of an advertisement is to make people respond into make them react to an idea, (8) .
At the beginning of the 20th century, advertising was described as "salesmanship in print". If this definition were expanded to include radio and television, it would still stand today.
(9) It can be found as far back as the public criers of ancient Greece-- who, for a fee, shouted out messages about a company's products to one and all.
(10) This early ad was the work of William Caxton, England's first printer, who used it to advertise religious books from his own studio. Caxton posted small printed notices along London's main streets. This same sort of simple, informational advertising is still used. (11) . The Industrial Revolution, in the 18th and 19th centuries, brought a new kind of advertising. Large factories took the place of small workshops, and goods were produced in large quantities. Manufacturers used the newly built railroads to distribute their products over wide areas. They had to find many thousands of customers in order to stay in business. They could not simply tell people where shoes or cloth or tea could be bought--they had to learn how to make people want to buy a specific product.
Advertising agencies began to develop in the United States just after the Civil War. (12) But they soon added the service of writing and producing advertisements.
From these modest beginnings, advertising has developed into a highly specialized and profitable business.
A Advertising is very old.
B Examples include the roadside signs that tell travelers that they can buy fresh corn just down the road or that there is a restaurant in the next town.
C Thus modern advertising was born.
D Advertising is part of our daily lives.
E such as helping to prevent forest fires, or to make them want to buy a certain product or service.
F At first, the chief objective of these agencies was to sell space in the various media, mainly newspapers and magazines.
G The first printed advertisement in the English language appeared in 1478, more than a century before Shakespeare's first play was produced.
(8)