11. Why do we say bridges are transparent to hosts whilerouters are not?
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12. Why do we need a spanning tree in transparentbridging?
13. How do we design a MAC in an IC? (Describethe general design flow and the variables used inprogramming.)
14. How does a driver work to send and receive frames?(Describe the handling of outgoing and incomingpackets, with hardware and interrupt handling.)
15. What does a network adaptor driver want when itprobes the hardware? For what? What interrupts maylead a system to execute a network adaptor driver?