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（一）背景资料：某内河航道工程包括20km航道疏浚和A、B两处礁石清除。施工单位在与业主签订合同后，按照承诺组织了-艘自航耙吸式挖泥船、一艘钻孔爆破船、一艘抓斗式挖泥船及其它辅助船机设备进场。在办理相关手续的过程中发现该河段分属两个海事局管辖，施工单位在规定的时间内向海事局提出了水上水下施工作业安全审核申请，海事局核发了有效期为三个月的《水上水下施工作业许可证》，并发布了航行通告，工程于2006年1月15日按期开工。在春节前的1月28日该项目监理组织了节前安全大检查，发现了如下一些问题：（1）没有制订《防护性安全技术措施》，要求限期制订提交；（2）在作业船舶有船员就餐时饮酒，要求严禁在船期闯饮酒；（3）生活区走道内，船员穿拖鞋行走，要求整改；（4）炸药库未建立爆破用品进出台帐，要求立即建立，认真填写；（5）炸礁作业的水上安全标志、灯光不够，要求增加安全标志和灯光标志船2艘。监理对上述存在的问题及隐患下达了监理通知，要求逐条落实整改。施工单位通过总结整改，完善了安全措施，同时又向监理提出了增加安全措施费用的要求。 该项目施工单位应向哪一个海事局提出水上水下施工作业安全审核申请？
第一篇Centers of the Great European CitiesThe centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. a mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere.Squares, plazas (广场) and arcades (拱廊) form the heart of Europe’s cities.Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafés. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London’s Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats (杂技演员) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop (背景) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.These vibrant (有活力的) hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. "The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don’t see all the mistakes," said Garreau. "Those have all been removed." Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafés were near to people’s homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans’ life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence.Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos (浓咖啡) and cigarettes.Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafés and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community. Why do people think that Venice is so great.（）
第一篇 デパートやスーパーで買物をする。買った品物を、お店の人が紙で包む。そしてビニールの袋に入れる。何枚も何枚も紙やビニールを使うときもある。私たちはそれ（A）があたりまえだと思っている。でも、このたくさんの紙や袋は本当に必要なのだろうか。家へ帰って品物を出したら、ごみ箱の中が紙やビニールでいっぱいになる。 最近、皆でごみを少なくしようという意見が強くなってきた。この包装紙やビニール袋もたくさんのごみになっているそうだ。それでデパートでも、この過剰包装はだんだん少なくなって簡単になった（B）。大きいスーパーでも、いろいろな工夫が始まった。あるスーパーでは、買物をするときに自分で袋を持っていったら、カードにスタンプを押してくれる。そしてスタンプが集まったら、買い物券をくれる。別のスーパーでは、再生紙の袋を使うようになった。また、布で作った買物袋も売るようになった。 私たちが、スーパーなどで、毎月一回「袋はいりません」と言ったら、一年間で数億枚の袋が残るそうだ。一番簡単な環境保護（C）。 下線（A）の「それ」は次のどれを指しているか。
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