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How did the Irish learn the English language in general
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To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived, the cellophane wrapper has to be torn off, the lid opened and the paper removed, the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this overuse of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in beautiful wrapping. The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put out by the average London household each week. So why is it done Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment. Recycling is already happening with milk bottles which are returned to the dairies, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles. The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever increasing plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufactures who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs. It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and re-use of various materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intended to be used just once, and make things look better so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as using it sensibly. What is needed now is a more advanced approach to using scarce resources for what is, after all, a relatively unimportant function. Packaging is important to manufacturers because ______.
还有一件更显著的事情，要算是牝鸡们的母爱。牝鸡孵化鸡雏的时候，平常是那么驯善的家禽，立刻要变成一些鸷鸟。它们保护自己的幼儿是一刻也不肯懈怠的。两只眼睛好像燃着的两团烈火。脖子时常要竖着向四方倾听。全身的神经好像紧张得要断裂一样。这样加紧的防御，有时还要变为攻击。即使你不怀敌意地走近它们．它们也要发出一种怪怪的叫声，飞来啄你。摄取食物的时候，它们自己也决不肯先吃．只是咯咯地唤着鸡雏。假如有别的同类耍夹分争，不管是雄是雌，它们一样地总要毫不留情地扑啄。睡眠或者下雨的时候，要把自己的鸡雏抱在自己的胸胁下．可怜胸脯上的羽毛耍抱到一根也没有的程度。像这样的生活．要持续两三个月之久。在这期间．它们的性生活是完全停止的。
In common with many countries, Britain has serious environmental problems. In 1952, more than 4,000 people died in London because of the smog. The government (26) new laws to stop smog from coal fires and factories and the (27) improved a lot. Today, London is much cleaner (28) there is a new problem: smog from cars. In December 1991, there was very (29) wind in London and pollution (30) a lot, which led to 160 deaths in just four days. (31) of the problem is the new "out of town" shopping centers. In the past, people often (32) to shops near their home or went by bus. Today, many people drive to the new shopping centers. (33) , the small shops have (34) and more people have to go a long way to (35) their shopping. Critics say that Britain needs better and cheaper public (36) . Many people are trying to (37) the use of cars in Britain. Some cities now have special bicycle (38) and many people ride to work. Some people also (39) to work together in one car to reduce the pollution and the (40) . Sometimes people take "direct (41) ." In 1995, for example, many people wanted to (42) a new road near Newbury. They built houses (43) trees and lived there for many months. It (44) a long time to force the people out of the trees (45) work on the road could continue.
TEXT B She stood before us looking very. composed as she gave us good morning. Sabri cleared his throat, and picking up the great key very delicately between finger and thumb -- as ff it were of the utmost fragility -- put it down again on the edge of the desk nearest her with the air of a conjurer making his opening dispositions. "We are speaking about your house," he said softly, in a voice ever so faintly curdled with menace. "Do you know, that all the wood is... "he suddenly shouted the last word with such force that I nearly fell off my chair, "rotten!" And picking up the key he hanged it down to emphasise the point. The woman threw up her head with contempt and taking up the key also banged it down in her turn exclaiming:" It is not." "It is. "Sabri banged the key. "It is not. "She banged it back. "It is. "A bang. "It is not." A counter-bang. All this was certainly not on a very intellectual level, and made me rather ill at ease. I also feared that the key itself would be banged out of shape so that finally none of us would be able to get into the house. But these were the opening chords, so to speak, the preliminary statement of theme. The woman now took the key and help it up as if she were sweating by it. "The house is a good house," she cried. Then she put it back on the desk. Sabri took it up thoughtfully , blew into the end of it as ff it were a sixshooter, aimed it and peered along it as if along a barrel. Then he put it down and fell into an abstraciton. "And suppose we wanted the house. "he said," which we don’t, what would you ask for it" "Eight hundred pounds." Sabfi gave a long and stagy laugh, wiping away imaginary tears and repeating. "Eight hundred pounds" as if it were the best joke in the world. He laughed at me and I laughed at him, a dreadful false laugh. He slapped Iris knee. I rolled about in my chair as if on the verge of acute gastritis. We laughed until we were exhausted. Then we grew serious again. Sabri was still as fresh as a daisy. I could see that. He had put himself into the patient contemplative state of mind of a chess player. "Take the key and go, "he snapped suddenly, and handing it to her, swirled round in his swivel chair to present her with his back; then as suddenly he completed the circuit and swiveled round again. "What!" he said with surprise. "You haven’t gone." In truth there had hardly been time for the woman to go. But she was somewhat slow-witted, though obstinate as a mule: that was clear. "Right," she now said in a ringing tone, and picking up the key put it into her bosom and turned about. She walked off stage in a somewhat lingering fashion. "Take no notice, "whispered Sabri and busied himself with his papers. The woman stopped irresolutely outside the shop, and was here joined by her husband who began to talk to her in a low cringing voice, pleading with her. He took her by the sleeve and led her unwillingly back into the shop where we sat pointedly reading letters. "Ah! It’s you," said Sabri with well-simulated surprise. "She wishes to discuss some more," explained the cobbler in a weak conciliatory voice, Sabri sighed. "What is there to speak of She takes me for a fool." Then he suddenly turned to her and bellowed. "Two hundred pounds and not a piastre more." It was her turn to have a paroxysm of false laughter, but this was rather spoiled by her husband who started plucking at her sleeve as ff he were persuading her to be sensible. Sabri was not slow to notice this. "You tell her, "he said to the man. "You are a man and these things are clear to you. She is only a woman and does not see the truth. Tell her what it is worth !" The main theme of the passage is ______.
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