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合同成立的有效条件有哪些方面
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某公司与某外商洽谈进口交易一宗，经往来电传磋商，就合同的主要条件全部达成协议，但在最后一次我方公司所发的表示接受的电传中列有“以签订确认书为准”。事后，对方拟就合同草稿，要我方公司确认。由于对某些条款尚待进一步磋商，故未及时给予答复。不久，该商品的国际市场价格下跌，外商催我方公司开立信用证，我方公司以合同尚未有效成立为由拒绝开证。试分析我方公司的做法是否合理。
One of the oft-repeated mantras of the global warming crowd is that there is no longer any debate in the scientific community about the threat of global warming. That is just not true. While there are many scientists who firmly believe global warming is real and it is a threat, there are many other scientists who have serious reservations about that judgment. One who sticks out in the debate on global warming is Danish statistician Bjorn Lomborg. Five years ago, Lomborg who views himself as an environmentalist, ignited a firestorm of controversy with his book The Skeptical Environmentalist. In it, Lomborg pointed out, as he has continued to explain since, "that actually a lot of the things we are doing to the environment are making it better". On global warming, he told the online site TechCentralStation; "Global warming is an important issue and one which we should address. But there is no sense of proportion either in environmental terms, or indeed in terms of the other issues facing the world." According to Lomborg, millions die each year from lack of clean drinking water and proper sanitation and indoor air pollution kills millions more, but a warmer world poses no such threat. "One of the top climate change economists has modelled—and several papers that came out a couple of weeks ago essentially point out -that climate change will probably mean fewer deaths, not more deaths. It is estimated that climate change by about 2050 will mean about 800,000 fewer deaths. " Another critic of the standard model of global warming is MIT professor of meteorology Richard S. Lindzen. A giant in climate science, Lindzen has published literally hundreds of scientific papers. In an op-ed in the Wall Street Journal in 2001, writing about a National Academy of Sciences report on climate change in which he participated, Lindzen noted: "We are quite confident(1)that global mean temperature is about 0. 5 degrees Celsius higher than it was a century ago;(2)that atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide have risen over the past two centuries; and(3)that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas whose increase is likely to warm the earth(one of many, the most important being water vapor and clouds). But—and I cannot stress this enough we are not in a position to confidently attribute past climate change to carbon dioxide or to forecast what the climate will be in the future. That is to say, contrary to media impressions, agreement with the three basic statements tells us almost nothing relevant to policy discussions. " The top climate change economist mentioned in the third paragraph______.
一项有效的发盘，一旦被受盘人无条件地全部接受，合同即告成立。
甲公司采用销售百分比法预测2012年外部资金需要量。2011年销售收入为4000万元，销售净利润率为15%，敏感资产和敏感负债分别占销售收入的48%和22%。若预计2012年甲公司销售收入将比上年增长20%，留存收益将增加130万元，则应追加资金需要量为______万元。
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