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What is tree of robotic drivers？
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Motoring Technology
1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-- though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.
Travelling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area2of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology "sees through" high-sided vehicles blocking your view.
And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.
And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort,
But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.
Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.
What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate ？
Captain Cook Arrow Legend
It was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has(51)ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook(52)died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.
"There is(53)Cook in the Australian Museum," museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its(54) "Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum," which(55)include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani 'opu'u in 1778.
Cook was one of Britain's great explorers and is credited with(56)the "Great South Land,"(57)Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.
The legend of Cook's arrow began in 1824(58)Hawah'an King Kamehameha on his. deathbed gave the arrow m William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cook's wife, saying it was made of Cook's bone after the fatal(59)with islanders.
In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued(60)it came face-to-face with science.
DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook's bone but was more(61)made of animal bone, said Philp.
However, Cook's fans(62)to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cook's body was(63)at sea in 1779. "On this occasion technology has won," said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a(64)from Britain. "But I am(65)that one of these days ...one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day."
Many engineering professors may not have time to prepare material for class discussion on
Hair Detectives
Scientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.
Water is central to the new technique. Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen. Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.
But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh. Different forms of a single element are called isotopes. And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.
Might hair record these watery quirks？ That's what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.
To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States. The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.
Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water. That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water. What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.
Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country. Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions. One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City, As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.
The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area. But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.
What does the writer say about tap water？ Which of the following is NOT correct？
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