题目内容
Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like" serious illness of a family member" were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress-it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like "Stress causes illness!" If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many--like the death of a loved one-are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted-to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we're all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity？ Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.
The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells______ .
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根据《合同法》的规定，可撤销合同是指()的合同。
Most episodes of absent-mindedness-forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). "Your memory itself isn't falling you," says Schacter. "Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed."
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. "
Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table-don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you're there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.
Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important？
【C16】
To find out what the weather is going to be, most people go directly to the television, the radio or newspaper to get a weather forecast. But【C1】______you know what to look for, you can use your own【C2】______to make weather predictions.
There are many【C3】______which can help you. For example, in fair weather the air pressure is generally【C4】______. The air is still and often full of dust. Faraway objects may look【C5】______. But when a storm is gathering, the pressure【C6】______and you are often able to see things【C7】______clearly. Sailors took note of this long ago and came【C8】______with a saying "The farther the sight, the nearer the rain."
Your sense of【C9】______can also help you find weather changes. Just【C10】______it rains, odours become stronger. This is【C11】______odours are suppressed in a fair, high-pressure center. When a bad weather low moves【C12】______, air pressure lessens and odours are【C13】______.
You can also hear a(n)【C14】______storm. An old saying【C15】______it this way: "Sound travelling far and wide, a stormy day will betide."
And don't【C16】______if your grandfather says he can【C17】______a storm coming. It is commonly known【C18】______many people feel pains in their bones when the humidity【C19】______, the pressure drops, and bad weather is on the【C20】______.
【C1】
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