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本大题共12小题，每小题2分。在每小题所给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
教育科学有诸多的分支学科，其中在整个教育科学体系中处于基础地位的是
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Already lasers can obliterate skin blemishes, topically applied drugs can smooth facial lines and injected agents can remove deep wrinkles. Future products will be faster, better and longer lasting. "New substances will be developed by entrepreneurs," says Brian Mayou, an aesthetic plastic surgeon, "that will be more successful than liquid silicone that we use today to eradicate wrinkles." The next major breakthrough, says Mel Braham, plastic surgeon and chief executive of the Harley Medical Group, will be laser treatment that needs no recovery period.
Nicholas Lowe, clinical professor of dermatology at the University of Los Angeles, adds: "There will be more efficient anti-oxidants to help reduce sun damage and aging. There will also be substances that increase the production of new collagen and elastic tissue to maintain the elasticity of youthful skin."
Lee Shreider, a research cosmetic chemist, says that we may be able to look better without any kind of operation as semi-permanent make-up gets better. "Crooked noses will be improved by effectively sealing on shaded colors that either enhance or subdue areas of the face. We will be able to straighten eyebrows and lips making the face more metrical—which remains one of the keys to beauty, and even close blocked pores with permanent, custom-designed foundation."
The development of the safe Sun tan is a potential gold mine. Being researched at the University of Arizona, but a long way from reality, is the injectable tan. Professor Lowe is optimistic: "There will almost certainly be a safe way of developing a sunless tan that protects against sun damage. In animal research, we've applied creams to guinea pigs that can actually 'turn on' some of the genes that produce pigmentation without any sunlight exposure."
What is the main topic of the passage？
【C5】
作为党的生命，对人民民主具有重要的示范和促进作用的是党的先进性。 ()
Seeing Your Way Past Interview jitters
It is not unusual to experience a mild attack of nerves before a job interview. But there are engineers whose interview jitters are intense enough to be harmful. They have such overwhelming apprehension and fear that they either become tongue-tied or proceed to talk themselves out of the job. Even many capable and articulate (表达力强的) engineers act stiff and awkward in interviews, often fidgeting or sitting on the edge of the chair.
When we're anxious, we frequently become self-conscious spectators of our own behavior. during interviews, observing and judging our every utterance and movement. This not only makes us more anxious and less convincing, but also divides our attention.
Excessive self-consciousness is particularly true among engineers who go to interviews with a do-or-die attitude. Trying too hard to succeed increases tension and reduces effectiveness. "The self-imposed pressure of trying to ace an interview can make some people focus too much on how they look and act," says Steven Berglas, a psychiatry instructor at Harvard Medical School. He feels that those who are overly conscious of their grooming, speech, body language, and other interviewing behavior. frequently "suppress those elements of their personality that won them the interview in the first place."
Perfectionist engineers particularly experience high anxiety during job interviews. Because they have a strong need to do well and have such inflated expectations of their own performance, any real or imaginary deviation from their self-imposed high, and often unrealistic, standards triggers excessive nervousness and self-critical ruminations. From one slight, innocuous mistake they automatically assume the entire interview will turn out badly.
This anticipation often drives them to behaviors and statements that would seem selfsabotage to an innocent bystander.
REDUCING TENSION
Although you may feel your blood pressure rise, palms moisten, and stomach tighten before an important interview, you can control these reactions.
According to H. Anthony Medley, author of Sweaty Palms: The Neglected Art of Being Interviewed, there are four sound reasons why you have nothing to fear but fear itself, and they can help you keep an interview in perspective.
1. The interview centers on the subject you know best: yourself.
2. If you've done your homework, you have a decided advantage: You know more about the interviewer's company than it knows about you.
3. Interviewers expect job candidates to be a bit nervous.
4. You have nothing to lose. You didn't have the job offer before the interview, so if you don't have it afterward, you're no worse off.
Some interview failures may be inevitable. Most engineers have experienced at least one. The important point is to refrain from exaggerating the importance of an interview situation. Also, if possible, generate several interviews; don't pin your hopes on just one. A winning at-all-costs attitude seldom wins a job offer.
It is detrimental to adopt a confrontational stance with the interviewer. If you feel overly tense or belligerent, it is helpful to pretend that the interviewer is a good friend. A little make-believe can go a long way toward calming hostile feelings.
One interesting method of lessening interview stress is suggested by Lawrence Darius, president of Corporate Communication Skills Inc. , New York. He is convinced that one of the more effective ways to overcome interview jitters is to separate yourself from your performance. "Just as an actor or actress creates the character in a script, you must try to create a character for the position you're seeking," he explains. "You probably have an image of the ideal engineer or, better yet, of the perfect can
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