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听力原文： Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and wilt) they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people’s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle class man or woman may be alienated (疏远……) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interests.
People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits (套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter-personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play 'these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had well defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of "masculine" and "feminine" attitutes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine grooming(打扮)—shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, "An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t get a job."
According to the passage, the way we dress ______.
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A．It is proved to be efficient in helping employers make decisions.B．All companies in
What worries me about the stench coming from Corporate America is not its impact on the economy, because America's resiliency is awesome. It isn't that scandals may be causing the dollar to sink, because the greenback was overvalued anyway. Nor am I concerned that errant CEOs will escape punishment, since the feds are finally on the case.
No, what bothers me most is something not so easily fixed—the erosion of the equality-based culture that emerged in recent years.
Given the extent of corporate malfeasance, the only way to restore investors' confidence is for both CEOs and Washington to push sweeping reforms. Most of the necessary elements are contained in the proposals coming from the New York Stock Exchange, the Securities & Exchange Commission, Congress, and various business groups. Here are some key imperatives:
Regulate auditors. A new oversight body must be established, reporting to the SEC. It should set auditing standards, license auditor, and have power to punish transgressors. To guarantee its independence and resources, it should be funded by every publicly listed company.
Revamp CEO compensation. The magnitude of stock options—and the fact that they were not treated as a company expense—gave excess too much incentive to cut comers to pump up stock prices in the short term. In the future, options should not be exercisable for five years, and not unless company performance exceeds the S&P500. They should also be charged against corporate income when they are cashed in. Better yet, executives should be rewarded in stock that must be held for a number of years so CEOs can win and lose with the rest of long-term shareholders.
Make CEOs and boards accountable. The SEC should endorse national guidelines for all publicly listed companies doing business in the U.S.. Among the provisions: CEOs and CFOs must personally warrant that financial statements paint a full and accurate picture of their companies' positions, including critical underlying trends. Not only must boards be more independent but also audit, compensation, and governance committees ought to be held more clearly accountable for the basic policies of the companies they represent.
Keep up pressure on Wall Street. Among the most egregious conflicts of interest, analysts have been pressured and paid to recommend stocks simply to curry favor with the issuing companies. Until it's clearer how effectively Wall Street will police itself, the SEC should issue public progress reports on investment banks' moves to eliminate conflicts.
Modernize accounting. Accounting needs to deal with a global, financially complex, knowledge-based economy, including derivatives, off-balance-sheet assets, and intangible assets such as research-and-development capabilities. The best ideas from around the world must be combined into one high-grade set of international standards.
According to the author, the stench coming from Corporate America impact______.
【C19】
【C10】
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