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听力原文： In public speaking, the watch word is preparation. Most of us tend to put things off, at least occasionally. It's so easy to put things off especially those things we do not look forward to doing. So if the speaking engagement is several weeks off, we may feel that we still have plenty of time. But as the day draws closer, we begin to panic. Don't let this happen to you. Start preparing as soon as you're given or accept the speaking assignment. You have much to do and to do it right will take time. How much better your speech will be and how much better you'll feel if you have taken the time to do it right! When you are prepared, you have gathered the needed data, determined what is appropriate to the listener's understanding and acceptance levels, organized the ideas so they flow logically, selected examples and other supports for your ideas and made them interesting to your listeners, developed a great opening that you know will capture the attention of even the daydreamers in your audience checked out the room where you'll be speaking and requested any feasible changes you wish in the set-up of the room If you are prepared, you are confident that you can best convey your message to your listeners. If you waited until a few days before your presentation to begin to prepare, or worse, yet, the day before, no doubt you'll be anxious and with good reason. And now there is not enough time to engage in more than a superficial attempt. Both you and the audience will feel uncomfortable, like retirement planning. It is never too early to start preparing for your presentation. So, start preparing right away.
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For the past decade, Bill Keaggy, 33, the features photo editor at The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, has been collecting grocery lists and since 1999 has been posting them online at www.grocerylists.org. The collection, which now numbers more than 500 lists, is strangely addictive. The lists elicit twofold curiosity—about the kind of meal the person was planning and the kind of person who would make such a meal. What was the shopper with vodka, lighters, milk and ice cream on his list planning to do with them？ In what order would they be consumed？ Was it a he or a she？ Who had written "Tootie food, kitten chow, bird food stick, toaster scrambles, coffee drinks"？ Some shoppers organize their lists by aisle; others start with dairy, go to cleaning supplies and then back to dairy before veering off to Home Depot. A few meticulous ones note the price of every item. One shopper had written in large letters on an envelope, simply, "Milk."
The thin lines of ink and pencil jutting and looping across crinkled and tom pieces of paper have a purely graphic beauty. One of life's most banal duties, viewed through the curatorial lens, can somehow seem pregnant with possibility. It can even appear poetic, as in the list that reads "meat, cigs, buns, treats."
One thing Keaggy discovered is that Dan Quayle is not alone—few people can spell bananas and bagels, let alone potato. One list calls for "suchi" and "strimp". "Some people pass judgment on the things they buy," Keaggy says. At the end of one list, the shopper wrote "Bud Light" and then "good beer." Another scribbled "good loaf of white bread." Some pass judgment on themselves, like the shopper who wrote "read, stay home or go somewhere, I act like my mom, go to Kentucky, underwear, lemon." People send messages to one another, too. Buried in one list is this statement: "If you buy more rice, I'll punch you." And plenty of shoppers, like the one with both ice cream and diet pills on the list, reveal their vices.
What would people usually do with their grocery list after shopping？
听力原文： If you feel tired all the time, you don't necessarily need to go to bed earlier. The solution could be as simple as taking a five-minute afternoon nap. Children under five have an abundance of energy and one of the reasons is because they nap once or twice a day. Many sleep experts think we are programmed to take a nap during the day, and getting back into this habit can be a solution for those who feel tired all the time. Professor Criss Ezekosky of the Sleep Advisory and Assessment Center thinks that one can feel refreshed after just five minutes' sleep and research has shown that concentration and attention are improved after even a short nap. Sleep is genetically programmed in babies and it's only as we get older that we learn to sleep about 8 hours at night and not at all during the day. But most research suggests that we are not physically designed to sleep for one long single block. Before the working day became 9:00 to 5:00, all western sleep patterns were all broken up. Research has shown that in the Middle Ages people's sleep quite often occurred in 3 distinct parts. A nap in the afternoon, an early evening nap and another longer sleep until dawn. So if you find yourself feeling sleepy through the day, don't feel your being lazy by giving in to sleep and having a nap. Your increased energy and alertness will make the rest of your day extra productive.
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A．Those interested in the power of persuasion.B．Those trying to improve their public i
If two speech varieties are not mutually intelligible, then the speech varieties are considered to be different languages.
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