WhichofthefollowingareopenproblemsinALife?

A. Howdoeslifearisefromthenonliving?—Generateamolecularproto-organisminvitro;—Achievethetransitiontolifeinanartificialchemistryinsilico;—Determinewhetherfundamentallynovellivingorganizationscanexist;—Simulateaunicellularorganismoveritsentirelifecycle;—Explainhowrulesandsymbolsaregeneratedfromphysicaldynamicsinlivingsystems.
B. Whatarethepotentialsandlimitsoflivingsystems?—Determinewhatisinevitableintheopen-endedevolutionoflife;—Determineminimalconditionsforevolutionarytransitionsfromspecifictogenericresponsesystems;—Createaformalframeworkforsynthesizingdynamicalhierarchiesatallscales;—Determinethepredictabilityofevolutionaryconsequencesofmanipulatingorganismsandecosystems;—Developatheoryofinformationprocessing,informationflow,andinformationgenerationforevolvingsystems.
C. Howisliferelatedtomind,machines,andculture?—Demonstratetheemergenceofintelligenceandmindinanartificiallivingsystem;—Evaluatetheinfluenceofmachinesonthenextmajorevolutionarytransitionoflife;—Provideaquantitativemodeloftheinterplaybetweenculturalandbiologicalevolution;—Establishethicalprinciplesforartificiallife.
D. Howdoestheenvironmentaffectsthelifegenesisandevolution?—Evaluategene-environmentinteractions;—Demonstratehowenvironmentalchangesalterlife'slivingstate,metabolism,&reproduction;—Assesshowenvironmentalfactorsincreaselifediversity.