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What does Professor Pornchai say about the future of is coffee paintings？
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Why are some adults easy to lose their temper according to Dr. Menninger？
What does it mean？ The Project in the English Country School in southern England gives you some idea and shows how environment protection and language teaching can be combined together.
In this school, there are projects on the classification of trees and their leaves, on insects and other invertebrates, pond and river life, flowers and hedgerows. There are air pollution surveys, litter surveys, recycling projects, acid rain surveys, farm visits, countryside walks, sculptures and collages created from natural materials.
It is all backed up in the classroom with EFL materials about the environment-the rain forests, biological diversity, global warming-and with materials which concentrate on the students' immediate environment under the general heading of "Health": smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, diet and exercise.
For example, the topic of pollution will involve the students searching the local environment to find out what has been thrown away. This is then classified according to the type of material found and whether it is recyclable or not.
The students follow instructions to set up simple experiments to detect air and water pollution. They investigate mosses and lichens, looking up their findings in field guides, to determine the number and quality of species. They compare and collate their findings, producing diagrams, writing up their results and drawing conclusions. They then practise language work on topics such as the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming.
How do the students benefit from this？ In common with all project work, learner autonomy, co-operation and motivation is fostered. The language practice takes place in a natural and enjoyable setting. As a result the students develop an appreciation of and an alertness and sensitivity toward their surroundings.
Another advantage of Green EFL is that the environment is a global issue: What happens in one country affects what happens in another. The environment thus spans borders and cultures. We can teach the language, English, through the environment, without teaching "Englishness", or "Americanness," or whatever other cultural values we might accidentally or deliberately put across to our students.
Finally, through an understanding of the global environment, and the issues which affect it, students will be better able to meet challenges in the future.
For the teacher interested in teaching English through environmental studies, there is a surprising amount of material available. The Cambridge Advanced English exam, with its emphasis on scientific/authentic English, has encouraged authors to include texts on various environmental issues.
Sue O'connell's "Focus on Advanced English", for example, includes a chapter called "Paradise Lost" about the rain forests; "Passport to Cambridge Advanced English" discusses the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming; "Cambridge Advanced English' by Leo Jones, has a chapter about Greenpeace and the Antarctic; and so on. Environmental topics in Children% EFL textbooks are also catching on. Book 3 of Collins' "Mode" series is particularly useful.
The topics of the Green EFL program probably will NOT include ______.
A common result of being frustrated is an act of aggression, sometimes violent. To be alive is to have a goal and pursue it—anything from cleaning the house, or planning a vacation, to saving money for retirement. If somebody or something blocks the goal, we begin to feel pent up and thwarted. Then we get mad. The blocked goal, the sense of frustration, aggressive action—this is the normal human sequence. If we are aware of what is going on inside us, however, we can save ourselves a good deal of needless pain and trouble.
Everyone has encountered frustration on the highways. You are driving along a two-lane road behind a big trailer-truck. You're in a hurry, while the truck driver seems to be enjoying the scenery. After miles of increasing frustration you grow to hate him. Finally you step on the gas and pass him defiantly, regardless of the chance you may be taking. This kind of frustration must cause thousands of accidents a year. Yet, if you realized what was going on in your nervous system, you could curb such dangerous impulses.
The aggressive act that frustration produces may take a number of forms. It may be turned inward against oneself, with suicide as the extreme example. It may hit back directly at the person or thing causing the frustration. Or it may be transferred to another object— what psychologists call displacement. Displacement can be directed against the dog, the parlor furniture, the family or even total strangers.
A man rushed out of his front door in Brooklyn one fine spring morning and punched a passerby on the nose. In court he testified that he had had a quarrel with his wife. Instead of punching her he had the bad luck to punch a police detective.
Aggression is not always sudden and violent; it may be devious and calculated. The spreading of rumors, malicious gossip, a deliberate plot to discredit, are some of the roundabout forms. In some cases, frustration leads to the opposite of aggression, a complete retreat from life.
The classic pattern of frustration and aggression is nowhere better demonstrated than in military life. GIs studied by the noted American sociologist Samuel A. Stouffer in the last war were found to be .full of frustrations due to their sudden loss of civilian liberty. They took it out verbally on the brass, often most unjustly. But in combat, soldiers felt far more friendly toward their officers. Why？ Because they could discharge their aggression directly against the enemy.
Dr. Karl Menninger, of the famous Menninger Foundation at Topeka, pointed out that children in all societies are necessarily frustrated, practically from birth, as they are broken into the customs of the tribe. A baby's first major decision is "whether to holler or swaller"—when it discovers that the two acts cannot be done simultaneously. Children have to be taught habits of cleanliness, toilet behavior, regular feeding, punctuality; habits that too often are hammered in.
Grownups with low boiling points, said Dr. Menninger, probably got that way because of excessive frustrations in childhood. We can make growing up a less difficult period by giving children more love and understanding. Parents in less civilized societies, Menninger observes, often do this. He quotes a Mohave Indian, discussing his small son: "Why should I strike him？ He is small, I am big. He cannot hurt me."
When we do experience frustration, there are several things we can do to channel off aggression. First, we can try to remove the cause which is blocking our goal. An individual may be able to change his foreman, even his job or his residence, if the frustration is a continuing one.
If this cannot be done, then we can seek harmless displacements. Physical outlets are the most immediately helpful. Go out in the garden and dig like fury. Or take a long walk, punch a bag in the gym, make the pins fly in a bowling alley, c
听力原文： Secretary of State Colin Powell is urging the Palestinians to seize the opportunity that Israeli Prime Minister Sharon's proposed withdrawal from Gaza and parts of the West Bank offers them. In remarks following a meeting with the Palestinian Prime Minister in the Jordanian capital, Mr. Powell said the Sharon plan is a new opportunity. Ahmed Queria characterized his talks with Mr. Powell as very constructive and expressed optimism that a Palestinian state could still be achieved by next year. Mr. Powell was somewhat less optimistic on that front, saying there still remains much more to be done before that can be accomplished, but he did say Washington remains committed to the establishment of a Palestinian state. Efforts will continue Monday when Mr. Queria will meet with U.S. National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice in Germany to discuss the Prime Minister Sharon plan.
This is the end of listening comprehension. Please proceed to the next part.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about Israeli Prime Minister Sharon's plan？
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