题目内容
A new World Bank report warns that children who do not get enough good food in the first two years of life suffer lasting damage. They may be underdeveloped or underweight. They may suffer from poor health or limited intelligence. In addition, poorly nourished children are more likely to drop out of school and earn less money as adults.
The report notes that too little food is not the only cause of poor nutrition. Many children who live in homes with plenty of food suffer for other reasons. For example, the study says that mothers often fail to give their newly born babies their first breast milk. This milk-like substance is called colostrum(初乳). It is full of nutrients that improve a baby's ability to fight infections and disease.
The study also links malnutrition(营养不良)to economic growth in poor countries. A lack of nutrition in early childhood can cost developing nations up to three percent of their yearly earnings. Many of these same countries have economies that are growing at a rate of two to three percent yearly. The study suggests that poor countries could possibly double their economic growth if they improved nutrition.
Africa and South Asia are affected the most by poor nutrition. The study says about half of all children in India do not get enough good food. The World Bank study also notes that rates of malnutrition in South Asia are almost double those in central and southern Africa. Other parts of the world are also severely affected, including Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Guatemala and Peru.
The study recommends that developing countries change their policies to deal with malnutrition. Instead of directly providing food, the study suggests educational programs in health and nutrition for mothers with young babies. It also recommends cleaner living conditions and improvements in health care.
World Bank nutrition specialist Meera Shekar said the period of life between pregnancy and two years is extremely important. Governments with limited resources should take direct action to improve nutrition for children during this period.
What's the main topic of the passage？
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听力原文： An $18.5 billion bid for Unocal made Thursday by one of the largest state-controlled oil companies in China is the latest symbol of the country's growing economic clout and of the soaring ambitions of its corporate giants. The unsolicited bid by China National Offshore Oil Corp, or CNOOC, initiated the first-ever big takeever battle by a Chinese company for a U.S. corporation. It also may be a watershed in Chinese corporate behavior. and demonstrates the increasing influence of Wall Street' s bare-knuckled hostile-takeover tactics in Asia. CNOOC'S bid, which comes two months after Unocal agreed to be sold to Chevron, aa American oil giant, for $16.4 billion, is expected to trigger a potentially costly bidding war over California based Unocal, a large, independent oil company. Moreover, the bid is likely to provoke a fierce debate in Washington about U.S. trade policies with China and the role of the two governments in the growing trend of deal making between companies in both countries. A consortium of investors led by Haicr Group, one of the biggest Chinese companies, made a bid this week to acquire Maytag, the American appliance giant, for $1.3 billion, surpassing an earlier hid made by a group of American investors. Last month, Lenovo Group, the largest computer maker in China, completed its $1.75 billion deal to acquire IBM's legendary personal computer business, creating the third-largest computer maker after Dell and Hewlett-Packard.
Haier Group' bid for Maytag is______.
According to paragraph , nearly 0 percent of children suffer malnutrition in ______.
Congress, which was supposed to re-authorize the law last year, has made little progress. On the campaign trail, concerns over Iraq and the economy have made education a minor issue. Contrary to appearances, the law’s main tenets are unlikely to be abandoned completely. But for the Democratic candidates in particular, a proper debate on NCLB is to be avoided like political quicksand.
Most politicians agree that the law has the right goals—to raise educational standards and hold schools accountable for meeting them. NCLB requires states to test pupils on math and reading from third to eighth grade (that is, from the ages of eight to 13), and once in high school. Some science testing is being added. Schools that do not make "adequate yearly progress" towards meeting state standards face sanctions. Pupils in failing schools can supposedly transfer to a better one or get tutoring.
Most also agree that NCLB has big flaws that must be fixed. Few pupils in bad schools actually transfer—less than 1% of those eligible did so in the 2003—04 school year. Teachers' unions say the tests are focused too narrowly on math and reading, fail to measure progress over time and encourage "teaching to the test". They also complain that the law lacks proper funding. The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation, a conservative policy group, has exposed wide gaps in state standards. Test-data reflect this. In Mississippi 90% of fourth-graders were labeled "proficient" or better in the state reading test in 2006-07. Only 19% reached that level in a national test.
John McCain, the Republican presidential nominee, offers NCLB tepid support but fails to elaborate. At Democratic rallies, NCLB is little more than a whipping-boy. Hillary Clinton proclaims that she will "end the unfunded mandate known as No Child Left Behind". But though she and Barack Obama deride NCLB publicly, each endorses the idea of accountability. They favor using more sophisticated "assessments" in place of tests, want to value a broader range of skills, punish schools less and support them more. How these ideas would be implemented remains unclear.
Not surprisingly, more controversial proposals can be found among those not running for president. Chester Finn of Fordham thinks the federal government needs greater power to set standards, while states should have more leeway in meeting them. A bipartisan commission on NCLB has issued a slew of proposals. Particularly contentious is a plan to use pupils' test scores to help identify ineffective teachers as in need of retraining.
Of course, standards alone do not improve education. Both Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Obama propose a host of new programs for schools, described on their websites if rarely on campaign. But accountability is likely to remain a big part of school reform. Last April a group of philanthropists announced a $60m effort to make education the top domestic issue of 2008. So far, it looks like money spent.
According to the passage, NCLB mainly aimed to
听力原文： Nokia warned that the U. S. slowdown is now extending to other economies, and said that is cutting into demand for Nokia's handsets, and for its growing mobile in frastrncture business.
In April, a more optimistic Nokia said it was on course for a 20 percent sales growth this quarter. That forecast has been cut in half. Tuesday's warning knocked a whopping $31 billion off Nokia' s market cap. Nokiajoins rivals Motorola and Ericsson in warning about sales. The rate of new phone purchases has slowed dramatically in Em'ope, with customers reluctant to trade up to new handsets.
Why has the rate of new phone purchases slowed in Europe？
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