题目内容
Heathrow's move into "sensory" marketing is the latest in a long line of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology--the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behavior. to help sell products. Marketing people call this "atmosphere"--using sounds or smells to manipulate consumer behavior. On Valentine's Day two years ago the chain of chemist's Superdog scented one of its London shops with chocolate. The smell of chocolate is supposed to have the effect of reducing concentration and making customers relax. "Chocolate is associated with love", said a marketing spokeswoman, "We thought it would get people in the mood for romance." She did not reveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money.
However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that smell does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell. In a survey, customers considered a lemon-scented detergent more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that the detergent used in both was identical. On the other hand, a coconut-scented suntan lotion was rated more effective than a lemon-scented one. A research group from Washington University reported that the smell of mint or orange sprayed in a store resulted in customers rating the store as more modern and more pleasant for shopping than other stores without the smell. Customers also rated the goods on sale as better, and expressed a stronger intention, to visit the store again in the future.
Music too bas long been used in supermarkets for marketing purposes. Supermarkets are aware, for example, that slow music causes customers to stay longer in the shop (and hopefully buy more things). At Leicester University psychologists have found that a specific kind of music can influence consumer behavior. In a supermarket French wine sold at the rate of 76% compared to 20% German wine when French accordion music was played. The same thing happened in reverse when German bierkeller music was played. In one American study people even bought more expensive wines when classical music was played instead of country music.
Writers and poets have often described the powerful effects of smell on our emotion, and smell is often considered to be the sense most likely to evoke emotion-filled memories. Research suggests however that this is a myth and that a photograph or a voice is just as likely to evoke a memory as a smell. Perhaps the reason for this myth is because smells, as opposed to sights and sounds, are very difficult to give a name to. The fact that smell is invisible, and thus somehow more mysterious, may partly explain its reputation as our most emotional sense.
What is the use of "aroma box" at Heathrow airport？
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What is Mr. Burton's second complaint？
听力原文：M：What do you think of biology？
W：It's given me a hard time，though it is not as difficult as math．
Q：What Can we learn about the woman from this conversation？
(17)
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
听力原文：The coordinated attacks Thursday by a suicide car bomber and another man wearing a vest with explosives occurred one day after a horrific blast at a poor east Baghdad neighborhood that killed 18 children and teenagers who had swarmed around a U.S. Humvee to get candy and toys.
Up to 27 people died in the Wednesday blast-including one American soldier. The bomber drove straight into the crowd of children.
The suicide bombing Wednesday stunned the largely Shiite neighborhood. Terrified parents rushed outdoors after the bombing to find the bloodied, mangled bodies of their children scattered along the street.
Twelve of the dead were 13 years or younger and six were between 14 and 17, police Lt. Mohammed Jassim Jabr said.
A1 Qaeda in Iraq denied any involvement in the bombing, issuing a statement that said the group is "not in the least responsible" for the attack.
The statement's authenticity could not be verified. But it suggests the militant group is aware of the backlash the death of so many children could generate, even among Iraqis who oppose the presence of U.S.-led forces.
One woman said of the attack, "This tarnishes the image of the true resistance."
When did the killing take place in Baghdad？
Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.
Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book, The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners(实践者)had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, and English academic, well-known for his invention of the mechanical computer(with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820), applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.
Taylor was of well-to-do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering apprentice. He spent some twenty-five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment.
In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave-driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.
According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency？
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