题目内容
Task 2
Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.
The boxer(拳击手) Melankomas, victor in the 207th Olympiad, 49 A.D., was from Carla, a region of what the Greeks called Asia Minor and is now known as Turkey. Born to an outstanding father, Melankomas was known for his handsome body and good looks.
This athlete, we are told, had a soul as brave as his body was beautiful. In an effort to prove his courage, Melankomas chose athletics, since this was the most honorable and most strenuous path open to him. Evidently some men believed that the training a soldier must endure is less difficult than that of an athlete, particularly that of a boxer.
Amazingly enough, Melankomas was undefeated throughout his career yet he never once hit an opponent or was hit by one.
His boxing style. was to defend himself from the blows of the other boxer and avoid striking the other man. Invariably, the opponent would grow frustrated and lose his composure. This unique style. won Melankomas much admiration for his strength and endurance. He could allegedly(据称) fight throughout the whole day, even in the summer, and he refused to strike his opponents even though he knew by doing so he would quickly end the match and secure an easy victory for himself.
No doubt his success was due in large part to his rigorous training. Melankomas exercised far more than the other athletes did. Indeed, one story relates that the boxer went for two straight days with his arms up, not once putting them down or resting,
Unfortunately, Melankomas died at a young age. Always the eager competitor, the boxer, lying on his deathbed, asked a friend how many days of the athletic meeting were left. He would not live to compete again. Even so, his name lives on for his remarkable boxing skills.
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Closing the Deal
Sales and marketing jobs at pharmaceutical(制药的)companies offer the opportunity to combine science with social skills and creative talent. Hannah Hoag investigates the pitch.
For Georgina Smith, a career in medical sales combined her dual interests in science and business. After completing her bachelor's degree in biomedical science, Smith joined Astra Zeneca as a junior medical representative. Today she drives around London visiting physicians, pharmacists, nurses and practice managers, promoting gastrointestinal(胃与肠的) and respiratory(呼吸的) treatments.
Smith feels her science training gives her an advantage in sales. "Not everyone has that background. It allows me to talk on the same level as the physician and to understand the broader picture," she says.
Like Smith, many science graduates choose to move into the pharmaceutical industry but leave the lab work to others. Sales and marketing careers allow science graduates to interact with a variety of people in the pharmaceutical chain, from researchers and regulators to physicians and patient groups.
In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry employs more than 100,000 people to pay visits to physicians and promote medicines. There are another 100,000 or so of these sales representatives in Europe. This face-to-face contact sells billions of dollars worth of drugs annually. From 2000 to 2005 the number of sales reps(representatives的缩写) continued to grow—by as much as 60% in Europe. But now companies are downsizing teams and investing in sales quality instead.
"Sales drives the bottom line for these corporations," says Tom Ruff, president and chief executive of Tom Ruff Company, a firm based in Manhattan Beach, California, that specializes in medical device and pharmaceutical sales, and sales management recruiting. "The sales representative plays a critical role."
Sell Culture
The primary purpose of a pharmaceutical sales rep is to promote the company's products to customers. These are usually groups of physicians, hospitals or other healthcare providers. In these entry-level positions, the rep learns about regulatory guidelines and presenting the product to the customer. They are generally expected to make eight calls per day. "As the sales rep moves up in level from entry to senior medical representative, they become more knowledgeable about their customer market, take responsibility for pre-and post-call planning, and have more advanced analytical skills," says Michele Crocco, director of human resources, commercial operations at Roche in Nutley, New Jersey. They may become divisional sales managers, she says, coaching and evaluating other sales reps.
A career in sales requires the right sort of personality. Those who excel are outgoing people who enjoy the challenge of "making the close", says Chris Jock, vice-president and general manager for global operations at Kelly Scientific Resources in Troy, Michigan. They are persuasive, competitive and confident self-starters. Ultimately, performance is judged on the number of prescriptions sold and contacts made, which can make pharmaceutical sales a high-pressure job.
Even entry-level sales positions frequently demand previous sales experience. "Companies want a proven track record of success in sales, "says Ruff, who adds that experience selling in the healthcare industry isn't necessary. In fact, Ruff recommends fresh graduates gain a couple of years sales experience at a Fortune 500 company known for its sales training before entering pharmaceutical sales.
But people with science backgrounds, or who are good at communicating a message and building relationships, may be able to talk their way into an entry-level position without any sales experience. Clinical experience, in particular, is rapidly becoming a valuable asset for prospective
民事行为能力是指通过自己的行为()的资格。
事故调查组在查明事故情况以后，如果对事故的分析和事故责任者的处理不能取得一致的意见，()有权提出结论性意见。
听力原文： A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
Something has gone wrong with our once-proud American way of life. A key ingredient is disappearing: responsibility, which means that every person is responsible for his actions. Without it, there can be no respect, no law, and ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose responsibility on people who refuse to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, controls on people's behavior. are far less effective than internal restrictions such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Yet gradually, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restrictions are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life.
The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now it's the criminal who is considered victimized: by the school that didn't teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn't provide a stable home. I don't believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal from responsibility, we become a society of endless excuses. We desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.
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