题目内容
How would a vitalist view the work of the mind？
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听力原文： Welcome to Physiology 100. I'm Doctor Ann Roberts. I assume everyone here is a sophomore, since this is the Nursing Department second-year physiology course. If you are first-year nursing students, please see me after class about transferring into introductory course. OK, I'd like to begin my first lecture by introducing two important terms, vitalism versus mechanism. How many of you have heard of these terms？ Oh, I see sorae of you have. Well, vitalism and mechanism are two completely opposite approaches to human physiology. According to the vitalist, the laws of physics and chemistry alone can not explain the processes of life. To the vitalist, there is a so-called vital force, and this vital force is totally separate from that of energy. As you may have guessed, vitalism is a kind of philosophical approach. Mechanism, on the other hand, is the view that all life phenomena, no matter how complex, can be explained according to chemical and physical laws. Since we can support mechanism through scientific experimentation, the modern scientist tends to be a mechanist. But vitalism is not totally dismissed, especially in fields such as brain physiology, where terms such as human consciousness haven't been defined yet in physic-chemical terms. I recently read an interesting article that dealt with this very question. Is the mind separate from brain, or is the mind only the chemical and physiological workings of the brain.'？ I'd like to continue with this next time, so that we can speak in more detail. I have some copies of that article. And I want you to take it with you and read it for next week.
For whom is the lecture intended？
听力原文： Now I'd like to talk to you about the final exam. The exam will be held next Thursday, the last day of the exam week. Remember to bring along two or three pens in case you run out of ink. Unlike the midterm, this test will not include multiple-choice questions. It'll consist entirely of essays. You'll have to answer three of the five essay-questions. The exam will be comprehensive, which means you'll be responsible for all of the subject matter we've covered in class. I would suggest you review your mid-term's as well as the text book and your class notes, The final will count for 50% of your grade in the course. The research project will count for 20%, and the mid-term 30%. I'll be in my office almost all day on Tuesday next week. If you run into any problems, please feel free to stop in. Good luck with your studying, and I'll see you on Thursday.
When will the exam be held？
According to the speaker, which of the following food can make us happy？
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文：M: One thing you listeners don't know about me is that I used to weigh an incredible three hundred pounds. Ever since I started the Moment of Science Weight Loss Program, though, I've Been slimming and trimming until i'm now in the spectacular shape you see today.
W: Don't... you look the same as you always have.
M: Well, OK. But I 60 fidget.
W: You fidget？ What does fidgeting have to do with weight？
M: Maybe a lot! Researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota did some experiments to try to figure out why some people gain weight more than others do.
W: Boy, I can relate to that. Some people can eat whatever they want and they never seem to gain a pound.
M: In this study, volunteers were given a thousand extra calories a day — about two cheeseburger's worth of extra intake.
W: This kind of study I'd like to be in!
M: Well, anyway, they also wore special devices that recorded how much they moved — you know, walking up and down steps. Everybody gained weight, but some people gained much less than others. The culprit？ Fidgeting.
W: You mean just drumming your fingers or scratching your neck or something？
M: Any motion takes energy to perform. And little motions like rearranging things on your desk or stretching your hack, if you do them all the time, start to add up. We generally only think of large motions, like exercise, as burning calories. But people who have the fidgets may be doing a slow, steady burn all day long.
According to the man, he used to be ______.
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