题目内容
It is not difficult to gain general agreement that man -induced increases in the endangerment and extinction of wildlife whether due to habitat alteration or loss, pollution, insufficiently regulated hunting, or other factors are undesirable. It is, however, more difficult to obtain consensus when consideration is given to the economic costs of correcting such trends, including natural habitat preservation, regulation of pesticides and other toxic substances, and wildlife and park management. Endangered species often are, in effect, competitors with humans for habitat and other resources which also provide other kinds of human use and need.
Measures needed to protect endangered species vary considerably in difficulty and cost. Of the approximately 400 inverterate species which at present appear to be threatened, for example, about one third could probably be restored by such inexpensive means as modifying the boundaries of designated natural are as, acquiring and protecting caves and other small areas which contain the particular species, and additional management 'of parks and refuges.
Another one - third of the endangered lower animal species are threatened principally by water pollution and could be protected by improved control, particularly of five southern rivers.
The remaining one - third of the 400 endangered shellfish species would be considerably more difficult to protect. These are threatened by complex factors, such as overcollecting, channelization, highway and housing development, clams introduced species such as the Asian snail, dredging, quarry washing, poor erosion control, and lowering of water table.
The identification of threatened species and other significant wildlife trends must precede any corrective measures, and our knowledge base for making such identification is deficient in many respects. Our present lists of threatened species and subspecies are known to be incomplete, except in those geographical areas which contain habitats of species that have important commercial or sports harvest value.
Which of the followings is neither expressed nor implied in the passage as being a threat posed by man to wildlife preservation？
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As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
听力原文： An Israeli couple kissed for 30 hours and 45 minutes in what a spokeswoman said last week was a new world record.
The couple started kissing on Monday at 8.30 pm along with around 250 other couples in a contest.
"For nearly 31 hours they didn' t eat, drink, talk or even go to the bathroom. And the whole time, they were standing up," said Ariella Goldman. who handled public relations for the event.
The winning couple received two round-the-world plane tickets and US $ 2,500.
The Israeli couple ended kissing on ______.
In a reaction against a too -rigid, overrefined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of "life experience" as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey’s theories as a base for support, they conclude that only throught " doing" can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as, "Teach the child, not the subject," they demand, without sensing its absurdity, and end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study Of great books, the influence of this philosophy has been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature.
What is the purpose of literature？ Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher？ James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by re - creating life out of life; Aristotle states that art presents universal truth because its form. is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves to our world.
We can soar with the writer to the heights of man’s aspirations, or plumment with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Forst; the plays of Ibsen, Miller and O' Neill: all present starkly realistic portrayals of life’s problems, Really？ Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence.
Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Fanlkner and Tennessess Williams. of the awesome determination and frailty of Patrick White's Australian pioneers？
This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Additionally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems may be suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders and their sneering contempt for the law--did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodeard; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guiltridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.
Federal Judge Learned Hand has written," I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydided, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton. with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Pla to, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specitically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him."
But what of our dissenters？ Can we overcome the disapproval of their" life experience classroom" theory of learning？ We must start with the field of agreement that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and open us to learning. We must convince them in their own personal language per haps-- of the "togetherness" of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illumines life.
According to the passage, the end goal of great literature is ______.
Rose Kuleshova can see with her fingers. She is not blind, but because she grew up in a family of blind people she learned to read Braille to help them and then went on to teach herself to do other things with her hands. The neurologist Shaefer made an intensive study with her and found that , securely blindfolded with only her arms stuck through a screen, she could differentiate among three primary colors. To test the possibility that the cards reflected heat differently, he heated some and cooled others without affecting her response to them. He also found that she could read newsprint and sheet music under glass, so texture was giving her no clues. Tested by the psychologist Novomeisky, she was able to identify the color and shape of patches of light projected on to her palm or on to a screen. In rigidly controlled tests, with a blind fold and a screen and a piece of card around her neck so wide that she could not see round it, Rose read the small print in a newspaper with her elbow. And, in the most convincing demonstration of all, she repeated these things with someone standing behind her pressing hard on her eyeballs. Nobody can cheat under this pressure; it is even difficult to see clearly for minutes after it is released.
The first white man to visit Somoa found men who ______.
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