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Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word" cushions"( Line 1, Para. 2)
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Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy ;there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiosity. Firstly,listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me" textbook questions" about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, "Now that we’ve finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science" After a long pause ,a boy raised his hand," Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why" This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours. Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less tor an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their" wait time" to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers. Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with" That’s right" or" Very good". These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying" That’s interesting" or" I’d never thought of it that way- before", or coming up with more questions or ideas. Never push a child to" Think". It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement. Lastly, show;don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass, and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates, set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is______.
Expressing gratitude is an important form of good manners. Nowadays more and more people in China have found it’ s high time to (16) a thankful heart for the young.Everyone likes to get praised and appreciated. Gratitude is the greatest of virtues, which lets others smile and makes the world more beautiful. You just need several minutes to write down a thank-you note, but it brings much joy to the (17) .We live in a society where we enjoy the different services of others. But (18) of them should be taken for granted.Gratitude is also a kind of (19) in life. In developing gratitude for every moment--for the simple joys and even for the (20) times--we come to truly enjoy and appreciate life. Then we are able to see the (21) that surrounds us.Try to write a thank-you letter to your parents for working hard to (22) you a happy life.Be grateful to your teachers because of their (23) with your studies and character building.Say thanks to your friends who (24) both your happiness and sorrow. We are sure it will bring them much joy and add (25) into your own life as well. 16（）
Tired ()she was，there was no hope of her being able to sleep．
Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient. Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat loss. What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions. All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be "zero impact". The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various ways land is used. There are many different agricultural performances besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity. What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production. How do people often measure progress in agriculture
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