Exterior Painting
Getting Started
Painting the exterior of your house is a huge job. But the rewards are great too. With a minimum investment in tools and materials, you'll save thousands of dollars, extend the life of your siding and increase the value of your home. Best of all, you'll make it look like new again. While you may spend less than $1,000 on painting tools and materials, the same job done by a pro (专业人员) could easily cost $5,000 to $ 10,000 or more. Savings come at a cost, though. A good paint job requires countless hours of careful preparation. Plan to devote and entire summer to prepare and paint even a medium-size house.
Completing a top-quality exterior paint job requires more than patience and perseverance. You'll need a sharp eye, a steady hand and a bit of practice to paint straight lines. In addition, you'll need the strength to move and sat up tall ladders, and the confidence to work from them once they're in place.
Applying topcoats (the final coats of paint) doesn't require much equipment beyond what you've already accumulated for scraping and priming. We recommend buying at least two top-quality synthetic-bristle brushes for applying the latex paint (乳胶漆): one brush ($ 15 to $ 20) for large areas and a brush($ 9 to $ 12) for detail work.
For applying paint to large areas of shingles (屋顶板), stucco (涂饰墙壁的灰泥) or brick, buy a roller (滚筒).
Paint Stores Can Help With Colors and Quantities
Choosing exterior paint colors that complement (与……相配) the architectural details of your house and fit the character of your neighborhood is the first step to a great paint job. Check out bookstores and libraries for books on the subject. You'll find brochure's (小册子) at the paint store with collections of historic colors. Many paint stores have designers who can help you choose colors, or you could hire a designer or architect.
Buy a quart (夸脱) of each color you've chosen and paint the entire color scheme on a small area of your house before committing to gallons (大量使用).
If you don't like the results, change the colors and try again.
Next take rough measurements of your house, noting the type of surface. Count the doors and windows. With this information, paint store employees can help you calculate the amount of paint you'll need.
Buy the best paint you can afford. Good-quality paint is easier to apply,
covers better and lasts longer. We recommend buying, paint with a slight sheen, either satin or eggshell. It's more fade resistant (不易退色) and easier to clean than flat paint.
Cheek the Weather
?Avoid painting in direct sunlight. The heat dries the paint too fast, making it nearly impossible to avoid blistering (起泡) and peeling (剥落).
•Avoid painting on very windy days. The wind causes the paint to dry too fast and can blow dirt into wet paint.
•Don't apply latex paint when the temperature is below 50 degrees F unless it's formulated for cold-weather application. Read the label to be sure.
•Don't paint when there's a chance of rain.
Plan a Strategy for the Most Efficiency
In general, work from the top down. Paint large areas first and details last. Where two colors meet, allow time for the first color to dry before returning to apply the second color. For example, paint the window sash(the movable part) early in the day and return to paint the frame. around the sash.
Avoid These Common Problems
Brush marks left at the beginning and end of a brush stroke are a common problem that's easy to avoid. Start every brush ,stroke in an unfinished area, at an edge, or against door or window trim. Then brush toward the finished area and sweep the brush up and off the work in the same movement. If you stop the brush and them lift it off or set the brush down o
A. Y
B. N
C. NG
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.
听力原文:W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I'm sorry that I'm bothering you, but this is the smoking section. Why don't you ask the stewardess to changeyour seat?
Q: What does the man think the woman should do?
(12)
A. Sit where she is.
B. Sit where there is a breeze.
C. Extinguish his cigarette.
D. Move to another part of the plane.
听力原文:W: I honestly don't want to paint the room this weekend, Joe.
M: Neither do I. But I think we should get it over with.
Q: What does Joe suggest?
(16)
A. They'll have to get some more paint.
B. They should get someone to help them.
C. They shouldn't delay any longer.
D. They don't have to paint the room again.
Task 2
Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.
All of us communicate with one another nonverbally (不使用言语地), as well as with words. Most of the time, we are not aware that we are doing it. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else's eyes and look away, change positions in a chair. These actions we assume are occasional. However in recent years researchers have discovered that there' is a system to them almost as consistent (一致的) and understandable as language.
One important kind of body language is eye behavior. Americans are Careful about how and when they meet one another's eyes. In our normal conversation, each eye contact lasts only about a second before one or both of us look away. When two Americans look searchingly into each other's eyes, they become more intimate. Therefore, we carefully avoid this, except in suitable situations.
Researchers who are engaged in the study of communication through body movement are not prepared to spell out a precise vocabulary of gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or refusing something. But there are other possible explanations, too. Another example: when a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man's eyes a little longer than usual, it can be a sign of respect; it can be a challenge to the professor's authority; it can be something else entirely. The researchers look for patterns in the situation, not for a separate meaningful gesture.
Communication between human beings would be just dull if it were all done with words.
The main idea of this article is that .
A. study of communication through body movement is a new science
B. body movements are as important as words in communication
C. all of us communicate with one another
D. eye behavior. is the most important part in body language