题目内容

Nakasone gives every sign of being secure in his desire to reduce a Japanese surplus in trade with the US that hit 36.8 billion dollars in 1984 and could soon top billion. Yet to rely on any Japanese political leader, no matter how popular he is at home, to reverse trade policies is to underestimate the culture and traditions that weigh heavily against a breakthrough. Big business and dozens of anonymous bureaucrats have as much power as Japan's top elected leaders. "The whole concept that we can turn this around right now is obviously ridiculous," says an American trader who has lived and worked here since 1952. "The vested interests are being shaken and slowly moved, but at a pace too slow for the eye to follow." That view is echoed by a US diplomat closely involved in the efforts to open the Japanese market to American goods, Washington's main solution to the ballooning trade ambulance. "Japan is a relationship society rather than a transactional one," he says. "You cannot alter that kind of a system with a television speech or a few general proposals, no matter how well-intended they are."
Beyond specific tariffs or other official barriers to imports, experts here say that the US faces these obstacles. Nearly total domination of the Japanese market by a few dozen giant conglomerates that strongly oppose even token competition--be it from abroad or emerging domestic firms. An elite, thickly layered bureaucracy that historically has drafted laws and regulations as well as enforced them, and both of these powers would be threatened by trade reforms. A longtime relationship between business and government that critics say fosters collusion and hinders foreign entry into domestic markets.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Trade War between Japan and the US.
B. It's time to Remove Japanese Trade Barrier.
C. The US Desires to Reduce a Japanese Surplus in Trade.
D. Why Japan Won't Submit to US Trade Demands?

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What is meant by "he doesn't swing blindly"(Line 4, Para. 3)?

A. Ken Smith provides sufficient examples for his criticism.
B. Ken Smith hits junk English in the right point.
C. Ken Smith acknowledges some positive side to Junk English.
D. Ken Smith bravely defends jargon, clichés, euphemism and exaggeration.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the trade obstacles in the passage?

A. Resistance from a large number of big enterprises against foreign competition.
B. Hindrance of business and government to imported goods that threaten domestic markets.
C. Firm support for import restrictions among Japanese workers, one of the powerful political forces.
D. Historically formed bureaucracy which makes laws and regulations and enforces them.

What does the author say about modern China?

A. Young people are leaving their families.
B. Work and education are changing.
C. People believe in shared values.
D. Many people are leaving big cities.

What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Through-out, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.
However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern--acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models--was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.
The author is primarily concerned with ______ .

A. refuting a claim about the influence of Puritan culture on the early American South
B. refuting a thesis about the distinctiveness of the culture of the early American South
C. refuting the two premises that underlie Davis' discussion of the culture of America
D. challenging the hypothesis that early American culture was homogeneous in nature

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