题目内容

某工程对首层第三施工段的墙体混凝土强度进行了回弹试验,所得强度数据见下表:不考虑极端数据的舍弃,则该组强度数据的中位数是()。

A. 39MPa
B. 34.4MPa
C. 35MPa
D. 31MPa

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Which of the following is mentioned as supporting the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis?

A. Many of the animals that became extinct were quite large.
B. Humans migrated into certain regions around the time that major extinctions occurred.
C. There is evidence that new species were arriving in areas inhabited by humans.
D. Humans began to keep and care for certain animals.

Why does the author mention the Giotto probe in paragraph 3?

A. It had a relatively small and inconspicuous nucleus.
B. It was very similar to an asteroid.
C. It was covered with an unusual black dust.
D. It provided visual evidence of the makeup of a comet's nucleus.

Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins of the species
lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire
from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well. Holland,
in particular, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.
(5) A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World, where it was
unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North-America had been established
in New Netherland by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who
settled in New Amsterdam (today's Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642
described the flowers that bravely colonized the settlers' gardens. They were the same
(10) flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings of the time: crown imperials, roses, carnations,
and of course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn
received a report of John Tateham's "Great and Stately Palace," its garden tull of tulips.
By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip "roots."
But the length of the journey between Europe and North America created many
(15) difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for
a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that
they were all dead.
Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century
Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains of Michigan. Together with many
(20) other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pella. Iowa, they established a regular demand
for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind of tulip entrepreneur, the
traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849
traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were
traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick
(25) English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite
direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips
dropped out of fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.
Which of the following questions does the passage mainly answer?

A. What is the difference between an Old World and a New World plant?
B. Why are tulips grown in many different parts of the world?
C. How did tulips become popular in North America?
D. Where were the first Dutch colonies in North America located?

Pheromones are substances that serve as chemical signals between members of the
same species. They are secreted to the outside of the body and cause other individuals
of the species to have specific reactions. Pheromones, which are sometimes called
line "social hormones," affect a group of individuals somewhat like hormones do an individual
(5) animal. Pheromones are the predominant medium of communication among insects
(but rarely the sole method). Some species have simple pheromone systems and produce
only a few pheromones, but others produce many with various functions. Pheromone
systems are the most complex in some of the so-called social insects, insects that live
in organized groups.
(10) Chemical communication differs from that by sight or sound in several ways.
Transmission is relatively slow (the chemical signals are usually airborne), but the
signal can be persistent, depending upon the volatility of the chemical, and is sometimes
effective over a very long range. Localization of the signal is generally poorer than
localization of a sound or visual stimulus and is usually effected by the animal's moving
(15) upwind in response to the stimulus. The ability to modulate a chemical signal is limited,
compared with communication by visual or acoustic means, but some pheromones may
convey different meanings and consequently result in different behavioral or physiological
responses, depending on their concentration or when presented in combination. The
modulation of chemical signals occurs via the elaboration of the number of exocrine
(20) glands that produce pheromones. Some species, such as ants, seem to be very articulate
creatures, but their medium of communication is difficult for humans to study and
appreciate because of our own olfactory, insensitivity and the technological difficulties
in detecting and analyzing these pheromones.
Pheromones play numerous roles in the activities of insects, They may act as alarm
(25) substances, play a role in individual and group recognition, serve as attractants between
sexes, mediate the formation of aggregations, identify foraging trails, and be involved in
caste determination. For example, pheromones involved in caste determination include
the "queen substance" produced by queen honey bees. Aphids, which are particularly
vulnerable to predators because of their gregarious habits and sedentary nature, secrete
an alarm pheromone when attacked that causes nearby aphids to respond by moving away.
What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. How insects use pheromones to communicate
B. How pheromones are produced by insects
C. Why analyzing insect pheromones is difficult
D. The different uses of pheromones among various insect species

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