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【B15】
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Student Housing Options
The decision about where to live while studying at tertiary(第三的，第三位的) level can have a major influence on a student's chance of success. It is important that particular need, such as security, a quiet place to study, and a convenient location, are taken into consideration before a choice is made. Four of the various options available to students are discussed below.
1. Halls of Residence
Residential college accommodation at a university provides small rooms, usually single study/bedroom, for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. Most have shared bathrooms, and all meals and linen are usually included. However, meals are chosen by the catering staff, and meal time strictly adhered to. In addition to basic residence fees, most universities make minor additional charges for items such as registration fees, damage deposit, and power charges. College accommodation is limited, and there are always waiting lists—it is especially popular with first year students since it is an excellent way to meet people, and travel expenses are minimized. Also, if a student intends to return home during vacations, costs can be reduced, since payment is only for weeks spent living on campus.
2. Private Rental Accommodation
A single student can either move into an existing household or establish one with friends or acquaintance. Rent and expenses such as bond, electricity, gas, and telephone are shared equally among the people living in the household. Buying food and cooking is done either individually or on a group basis. Each person is expected to help clean and tidy the shared living space, that is, the kitchen, bathroom, and living room. Each is responsible for cleaning his or her own room and doing the washing. A student with a partner and/or children may wish to bear the full cost in preference to a shared accommodation arrangement.
For the first time renters there are many pitfalls(陷阱，阴谋), but there is much that can he done to avoid disaster. First, consider the desirability of the many types of shared accommodation options. For instance, non-smokers and vegetarians should probably not consider living with a smoker who eats meat. Students moving out of their parents' home usually take domestic labor for granted, but, nobody likes living with a person who refuses to do his or her share of the housework.
The next step is to choose a suitable area. Rents vary according to the number of rooms, condition, and location of the property. Most students want to live either close to their institution, or within easy reach of the city. Preferences should be guided by the amount of money available to spend on rent, and access to existing transport. The best place to start looking is on notice boards around universities and colleges, or in the windows of coffee shops nearby. Students often advertise for housemates, and those seeking accommodation should advertise their situation too. Local real estate agents often provide a share service, although there is usually a significant fee. A last resort would be the "To Let" or "Share Accommodation" sections of the weekend newspaper.
A small number of flats and houses are available through the university or college housing offices, but most are found through local real estate agents. Unfortunately, there is no cheap way to move into a house or flat. When renting, it is usually required to sign a six-month lease, and pay rent in advance plus a refundable bond. It is important to make allowances for these establishment costs, and to include the purchase price of furniture bond and connection fee, electricity or gas connection fees, furniture, utensils, food appliances, and so on. Even moving into an established house can cost more money than students first imagine. Find out about all the extra costs before signing a lease and committing oneself. Moving out before the end of the lease period
【B13】
【B4】
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today’s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.
Why are America kids so stressed？ The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation—brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things—and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.
Given that we can't turn the dock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope with the situation today.
At the top of the list is nurturing(培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.
To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.
Limit the amount of virtual(虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.
Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't have to ruin your life.
The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people's state of mind are ______.
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