Which of the following statements about artificial life are correct?
Artificial life (often abbreviated 'ALife' or 'A-Life') is a field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use of simulations with computer models, robotics, genetics, and biochemistry.
B. Artificial life studies the fundamental processes of living systems in artificial environments in order to gain a deeper understanding of the complex information processing that define such systems.
C. The discipline was named by Christopher Langton, an American theoretical biologist from Los Alamos National Laboratory, in 1986.
D. There are three main kinds of alife, named for their approaches: soft, from software; hard, from hardware (robotics); and wet, from biochemistry (i.e. synthetic biology).
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Which of the following statements about evolutionary algorithm are correct?
A. Evolutionary algorithm applies the principles of evolution found in nature to find an optimal solution to a problem.
B. In an evolutionary algorithm, the decision variables & problem functions are used directly.
C. Evolutionary algorithms are the algorithms that are based on the evolution of the species; in general they are based on the main evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin.
D. The way the evolutionary mechanisms are implemented varies considerably; however, the basic idea behind all these variations is similar.
Which of the following statements about genetic algorithm are correct?
A. Genetic algorithm, in artificial intelligence, a type of evolutionary computer algorithm in which symbols (often called "genes" or "chromosomes") representing possible solutions are "bred".
B. This "breeding" of symbols typically includes the use of a mechanism analogous to the crossing-over process in genetic recombination and an adjustable mutation rate.
C. A fitness function is used on each generation of algorithms to gradually improve the solutions in analogy to the process of natural selection.
D. The process of evolving the genetic algorithms and automating the selection is known as genetic programming.
What approaches can help us to answer the question of how life arises from the nonliving?
A. Generate a molecular proto-organism in vitro
B. Achieve the transition to life in an artificial chemistry in silico
C. Determine whether fundamentally novel living organizations can exist
D. Simulate a unicellular organism over its entire life cycle
Whatapproachescanhelpustoanswerthequestionof what the potentials and limits of living systems are?
A. Determine what is inevitable in the open-ended evolution of life
B. Determine minimal conditions for evolutionary transitions from specific to generic response systems
Create a formal framework for synthesizing dynamical hierarchies at all scales
Determine the predictability of evolutionary consequences of manipulating organisms and ecosystems
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