The first recombinant DNA molecule was produced in ______ by Stanford researcher Paul Berg (1926- ). Berg joined together DNA fragments from two different viruses with the help of restriction enzymes and ligase.
A. 1968
B. 1972
C. 1975
D. 1978
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In ______, Theodore Friedmann and Richard Roblin published an important paper in Science [175(4025): 949-955] describing the use of gene therapy. Friedmann and Roblin described how they induced mammalian cells to express bacterial and viral DNA, demonstrating the possibility that this method could later be used to promote therapies for treatment of human genetic diseases.
A. 1965
B. 1969
C. 1972
D. 1975
In 1973 Herbert Wayne Boyer at UCSF (1936- ) and Stanley Norman Cohen at Stanford University (1935- ) created the first recombinant DNA organisms. Together they introduced an antibiotic resistance gene into _______.
A. elegans
B. yeast
C. coli
D. mice
In 1983, a group of scientists from Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, proposed that gene therapy could one day be a viable approach for treating Lesch-Nyhan disease, a rare ___________________.
A. blood disorder
B. neurological disorder
C. bone disorder
D. joint disorder
In ______, Glybera (alipogene tiparvovec) became the first approved viral gene-therapy treatment for familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD) in Europe.
A. 2006
B. 2010
C. 2012
D. 2015