2. Routing vs. switching: stateful or stateless, connection-oriented or connectionless, matching or in-dexing? (Associate these features with routing and switching.)路由与交换机对比:哪个是有状态或无状态的,哪个是面向连接或无连接的,哪个是匹配或索引式的?(将这些功能与路由和交换联系起来。)
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3. What may increase or decrease the latency inside the Internet? (What are the factors that might increase or decrease the latency of queuing, transmission, processing, and propagation, respectively?)3.哪些因素可能增加或减少互联网中的延迟?(有哪些因素可能分别会增加或减少排队,传输,处理和传播延迟?)
4. What do Little’s result and bandwidth-delay product tell us? (Hints: The ormer is about a node, while thelatter is about a link or path.)4.我们从Little结论和带宽延迟积可以得知什么?(提示:前者是一个节点,而后者是一个链路或路径)
5. What does the end-to-end argument say about networking?5.端到端观点是如何解释网络互连的?
According to the end-to-end argument, at which single layer should we put error control or the Internet?But then why do we put it in many layers including link, IP, and transport layers?6.根据端到端的观点,我们应该把错误控制放在互联网上的哪一层?但是我们为什么还要把它放到许多层,包括链路层,IP层和传输层呢?