超星 - 新建作业20200220194812 - 查题吧

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1. How does Internet scale to billions of hosts? (Describe what structure and levels are used to organize the hosts, and calculate the numbers of entities at each level.)互联网是如何扩展成数以亿计的主机结构的？（详细说明主机的结构和层次组织，并计算出每个层次的实体数量。）

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2. Routing vs. switching: stateful or stateless, connection-oriented or connectionless, matching or in-dexing? (Associate these features with routing and switching.)路由与交换机对比：哪个是有状态或无状态的，哪个是面向连接或无连接的，哪个是匹配或索引式的？（将这些功能与路由和交换联系起来。）

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3. What may increase or decrease the latency inside the Internet? (What are the factors that might increase or decrease the latency of queuing, transmission, processing, and propagation, respectively?)3．哪些因素可能增加或减少互联网中的延迟？（有哪些因素可能分别会增加或减少排队，传输，处理和传播延迟？）

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4. What do Little’s result and bandwidth-delay product tell us? (Hints: The ormer is about a node, while thelatter is about a link or path.)4．我们从Little结论和带宽延迟积可以得知什么？（提示：前者是一个节点，而后者是一个链路或路径）

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5. What does the end-to-end argument say about networking?5．端到端观点是如何解释网络互连的？

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According to the end-to-end argument, at which single layer should we put error control or the Internet?But then why do we put it in many layers including link, IP, and transport layers?6．根据端到端的观点，我们应该把错误控制放在互联网上的哪一层?但是我们为什么还要把它放到许多层，包括链路层，IP层和传输层呢？

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7. What types of mechanisms should be put into the control plane and data plane, respectively? (Specify theirtype of packets, purpose, granularity of processing time, and example operation.)7．何种类型的机制应该分别放入控制平面和数据平面？（注明它们的数据包类型、目的、处理时间粒度和例子操作）

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8. What are standard and implementation-dependent components in a router? (Speciy their types of com-ponents and example.)8．路由器中那些是标准的和依赖于实施的组件？（指定组件的类型和例子。）

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9. What’s inside a Linux distribution? (Specify what types of files you would find in a distribution and howthey are organized.)9．Linux发布版本中都有什么内容？（指出你将在发布版本中找到的文件类型以及它们是如何组织的。）

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10. When do we implement a mechanism o a network device into ASIC, driver, kernel, and dae-mon, respectively? (Speciy their guidelines and examples.)10．分别在什么情况下将网络设备机制实现到ASIC，驱动程序，内核和守护程序之中？（指出他们的指导原则和例子）。

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